Website Archive
Plant List by Common Name
In the Archive pages you will find links to all the content on the Friends of the Wildflower Garden web site. Unlike the main pages, links here are arranged by topic. These topics include links to articles previously published in the Friend's newsletter - The Fringed Gentian™.
Tabs to Other Archive Pages are also at Page Bottom
A sampling of plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden, both present and historic, and with a few others added in that are native to Minnesota or can be found in Minnesota or can be grown in Minnesota.
Clicking the web-link on the common name gives a page of photos and plant information in a separate window.
Plants without links to an info page will at least have a thumbnail photo in the thumbnail pages listed at right.
Ferns and Grasses are listed with the flowering forbs.
All Sedges are listed in "S" under "sedges".
Trees and large shrubs are listed separately after the forbs. Go There -
Invasive plants are re-listed as a group after the trees. Go There -
Historical (once present) and other plants not in the Garden are so noted.
Botanical classification: Botanists continually reclassify plants from previous classifications based on newer scientific information. In some cases consolidating species and varieties and in some cases reclassifying to a different genus or even plant family. We use as references Flora of North America and the Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Minnesota from the University of MN; then if necessary - the USDA Plants Database which in early 2010 completed a major update of these botanical classifications and also the 2014 Garden Census. Reference books in print will not reflect many recent updates until revised editions are published. While many plants may be known by a previous botanical name and, in many cases by a variety of common names, we have updated the listings on this website to what seems to be the newest nomenclature from the sources listed above. Note: While we have tried to be as accurate as possible in the information given, there may be unintended errors. Please advise us if you suspect the information is not accurate.
Aaron's Rod: See - Mullein - Verbascum thapsus OR Live Forever - Hylotelephium telephium
Agrimony - Roadside Agrimony - Agrimonia striata Michx. - not in the Garden
Agrimony – Soft Agrimony - – Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.
Agueweed - see Stiff Gentian - Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small.
Alfalfa - Medicago sativa L. [Historical - not extant]
Allegheny Blackberry - – Rubus allegheniensis Porter
Allegheny Monkey Flower - Mimulus ringens L. var. ringens
Alum Root see American Alumroot - – Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticaulis.
Alum Root see Richardson's Alumroot - Heuchera richardsonii R.Br. –
Amberique Bean (Trailing Wild Bean) - – Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott
American Alumroot - – Heuchera americana L.
American Bellflower -see- Tall Bellflower - Campanula americana L.
American Bittersweet -see- Climbing Bittersweet - Celastrus scandens L.
American Burnweed (Fireweed) - - Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf ex DC
American Dogbane - see Indian Hemp
American Feverfew see-Wild Quinine - Parthenium integrifolium L.
American Germander (Wood Sage): See Canada Germander - Teucrium canadense L.
American Cranberrybush (Highbush Cranberry) - Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton.
American Hog Peanut - Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald.
American Lopseed - Phryma leptostachya L.
American Mannagrass - Glyceria grandis S. Watson
American Senna - Senna hebecarpa (Fernald) Irwin & Barneby
American Spikenard – Aralia racemosa L. ssp. racemosa
American Vetch - Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd.
American Water Horehound - Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton
Anise or Fragrant Giant Hyssop - see Blue Giant Hyssop - Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Aniseroot - Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.
Asters - See:
-Aromatic Aster
-Arrowleaf Aster
-Azure Aster (Sky Blue Aster)
-Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster)
-Calico Aster (Side Flowering Aster)
-Common Blue Wood Aster (Heart-leaved Aster)
-Flat-topped Aster (Parasol Aster)
-Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)
-Many-flowered Aster (Heath Aster)
-New England Aster
-Ontario Aster
-Panicled Aster (White Panicle Aster)
-Red-stemmed Aster (Purplestem Aster)
-Short's Aster
-Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster)
-Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)
-Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster)
-Smooth Blue Aster
-White Arrowleaf Aster
-White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)
-White Panicle Aster
-White Wood Aster
Annual Fleabane - (Eastern Daisy Fleabane) - Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
Aromatic Aster - - [Historical, not extant] Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom
Arrow-leaved Tearthumb – - Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross - former Polygonum sagittatum L.
Arrow-leaved Aster see White Arrowleaf Aster – - Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom
Arrowgrass - (Marsh Arrowgrass) Triglochin palustris L.
Asparagus - Asparagus officinalis L.
Atlantic Camas see - Wild Hyacinth - Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory
Autumn Onion -see- Wild Onion - Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl.
Avens - See:
- White Avens
- Yellow Avens
Azure Aster see Sky Blue Aster – - Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) var. oolentangiense [old- Aster azureus]
Baneberry, Red (Red berry form) - - Actaea rubra Willd.
Baneberry, Red (White berry form) - Actaea rubra Willd.
Baneberry, White - - Actaea pachypoda Elliot
Bastard Toadflax - - Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Beardtongues -see
-Foxglove Beardtongue (Talus Slope Pentstemon)
-Pale Beardtongue (Eastern White Beardtongue)
-Showy Beardtongue (Large Flowered Beardtongue)
Bedstraws -see
- Cleavers (Stickywilly)
- Fragrant Bedstraw
- Northern Bedstraw
- Rough Bedstraw
- Shining Bedstraw
- Threepetal Bedstraw
Beggar-tick -see:
- Devil's Beggar-tick
- Nodding Beggar-tick - see Nodding Bur Marigold
- Swamp Beggartick (Purplestem Beggartick)
Beggar's Lice -see Virginia Stickseed -
Bellflowers - see:
- Bristly Bellflower (Bristly Bluebells)
- European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower)
- Harebell
- Marsh Bellflower
- Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)
Biennial Gaura - Gaura biennis L.
Big Bluestem - - Andropogon gerardii Vitman
Bigleaf Aster - - ( Large-leaved Aster) - Eurybia macrophylla L. Cass. [Old name = Aster macrophyllus]
Bindweeds - see
- Black Bindweed
- Field Bindweed
- Fringed Black Bindweed
- Hedge Bindweed
Bird's Foot Coreopsis -see- Stiff Coreopsis - - Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Bird's-foot Violet - - [Historical, not extant.] - Viola pedata L.
Bird's-foot Trefoil - - [not in the Garden] - Lotus corniculatus L.
Bishop's Cap - see Twoleaf - Mitrewort - - Mitella diphylla L.
Bittercress - see Pennsylvania Bitter Cress - Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Bittersweet see Climbing Bittersweet - - Celastrus scandens L.
Bittersweet Nightshade: See Climbing Nightshade - - Solanum dulcamara L.
Black-eyed Susan - - Rudbeckia hirta L.
Black Bindweed - - [not in the Garden] - Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve
Black Bugbane - Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. [Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa]
Black Cohosh - see Black Bugbane - Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. [Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa]
Black Medick Medicago lupulina L.
Black Mustard - [Historical - not extant] Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Black Nightshade - Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal. (Solanum nigrum L.)
Black Raspberry - Rubus occidentalis L.
Blackberry Lily - Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.
Blackberries and Raspberries -See:
- Allegheny Blackberry
- Black Raspberry
- Blackberry
- Dewberry
- Dwarf Red Blackberry
- Purple Flowering Raspberry
- Thimbleberry
- Wild Red Raspberry
Bland Sweet Cicely – Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B.Clarke
Blazing Stars -see:
- Dense Blazing Star (Spiked Blazing Star, Marsh Gayfeather, Sessile-headed Blazing Star)
- Dotted Blazing Star (Dotted Gayfeather)
- Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star, Northern Plains Gayfeather)
- Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star, Northern Gayfeather)
- Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star, Dwarf Blazing Star, Barrelhead Gayfeather)
- Prairie Blazing Star (Prairie Gayfeather, Great Blazing Star, Cattail Gayfeather)
- Rough Blazing Star (Rough Gayfeather, Tall Blazing Star)
- Scaly Blazing Star (Loosescale Gayfeather, Colicroot)
- Shaggy Blazing Star (Grass-leaf Gayfeather)
Blisterwort -see- Hooked Crowfoot - Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Bloodroot - - Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Blue Cardinal Flower -See- Great Blue Lobelia - Lobelia siphilitica L.
Blue Cohosh - - Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.
Blue Flag Iris - - Iris versicolor L.
Blue Giant Hyssop - (Giant Hyssop) - Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Blue Grama - - [Historical, not extant.] - Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths
Blue Oatgrass - Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg.
Blue Squill (Siberian Squill) - Scilla siberica Haw.
Blue Vervain (Swamp Vervain) - Verbena hastata L.
Blue Violet - Viola sororia Willd.
Blue Wild Indigo - see - False Blue Indigo - Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
Blue-eyed Grass - - Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Bluejacket - (Ohio Spiderwort) - Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Blunt-leaved Sandwort - Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl [old=Arenaria lateriflora]
Boneset - Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Bottle Gentian - (Closed Gentian) Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Bottlebrush Grass (Eastern)- Elymus hystrix L.
Bouncing Bet - - (Soapwort) - Saponaria officinalis L.
Bracken Fern - Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum
Bracted Spiderwort - Tradescantia bracteata Small
Bride's-feathers (Goat's Beard) - Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald. [Historical - not extant]
Bridewort: See Queen of the Meadow - Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Bristly Bellflower - (Bristly Bluebells) - Campanula cervicaria L.
Bristly Buttercup - Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f [Not in the Garden].
Bristly Greenbrier (Catbrier) - Smilax tamnoides L.
Brittle Bladder Fern – Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. [Historical - not extant]
Broad-leaf Cattail - Typha latifolia L.
Broadleaf Arrowhead - Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
Broadleaf Burweed Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm.
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade -see- Enchanter's Nightshade - Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis
Brome Grasses
- Earlyleaf Brome - Bromus latiglumis
- Hairy Woodland Brome - Bromus pubescens
- Smooth Brome - Bromus inermis
Brown-eyed Susan - (Thin-leaved Coneflower) - Rudbeckia triloba L.
Buckbean (Bog-bean) – Menyanthes trifoliata L. [Historical - not extant]
Bugbane see Black Bugbane - Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. [Actaea racemosa var. racemosa]
Bugleweed - American - Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton
Bugleweed - Northern - Lycopus uniflorus Michx. var uniflorus
Bulblet Fern Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernhardi
Bulblet Water Hemlock - - [Not in Garden] - Cicuta bulbifera L.
Bull Thistle - [Historical - not extant] - Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Bulrush - Dark Green - Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
Bur Cucumber – Sicyos angulatus L. [Not in the Garden]
Bunchberry (Dwarf Cornel) - Cornus canadensis L. - [Historical - not extant]
Bur Marigold (Beggar-ticks) - - Bidens cernua L.
Burdock
- Common (Lesser) - Arctium minus Bernh.
- Great - - Arctium lappa L.
Listed together
Burnweed see - American Burnweed (Fireweed) - Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf ex DC
Bush's Poppy-mallow – Callirhoe bushii Fernald [not in the Garden]
Butter and Eggs - - Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Butterfly Milkweed - - Asclepias tuberosa L.
Buttercups - See:
-Bristly Buttercup (Bristly Crowfoot, Pennsylvania Buttercup)
-Cursed Crowfoot (Celery-leaf Buttercup)
-Hooked Crowfoot (Hooked Buttercup)
-Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup, Small-flowered Buttercup)
-Swamp Buttercup (Hispid Buttercup, Rough Buttercup)
-Tall Buttercup (Upright Meadow Crowfoot)
Button Eryngio - - Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.
Calico Aster -see- Side Flowering Aster - - Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love [old- Aster lateriflorus]
California Nettle - see- Stinging Nettle - Urtica dioica L. ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Seland.
Canada Anemone - - - Anemone canadensis L.
Canada Bluegrass - Poa Compressa L.
Canada Fleabane- see Canadian Horseweed -
Canada Germander - Teucrium canadense L.
Canada Goldenrod -see - Late Goldenrod - - Solidago altissima L.
Canada Lily - (Meadow Lily) (Wild Yellow Lily) - Lilium canadense L.
Canada Moonseed - - Menispermum canadense L.
Canada Thistle - - Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Canada Ticktrefoil: See Showy Ticktrefoil- - - Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.
Canada Violet - - Viola canadensis L.
Canada Wild-rye - - Elymus canadensis L.
Canadian Clearweed - - Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray
Canadian Hawkweed - - See Rough Hawkweed - Hieracium umbellatum L.
Canadian Honewort - Cryptotaenia canadensis L. [Historical - not extant]
Canadian Horseweed - - Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist
Canadian Mayflower – Maianthemum canadense Desf. [Historical Garden Plant - not extant]
Canadian Milk Vetch - Astragalus canadensis L.
Canadian White Violet -see- Canada Violet - Viola canadensis L.
Canadian Wild Ginger -see- Wild Ginger - Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wood Nettle -see- Wood Nettle - Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell
Cardinal Flower - Lobelia cardinalis L.
Carrion Flower - Upright (Erect Carrion Flower) – Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson
Carrion Flower - Common (BlueRidge Carrion Flower) – Smilax lasioneura L.
Catbrier (Bristly Greenbrier) - Smilax tamnoides L.
Catchflys - see
- Night-flowering
- Royal
Catnip - - [historical, not extant] - Nepeta cataria L.
Cattails - - listed together - see:
- Common Cattail (Broad-leaf) - Typha latifolia L. and
- Narrow-leaved Cattail - Typha angustifolia L.
Celery-leaved Crowfoot - - [not in the Garden] - Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Cherries -see trees and shrubs at bottom of the page
Chickweeds - see:
- Common Chickweed
- Long-leaved Chickweed
- Mouse-ear Chickweed
Chicory - Cichorium intybus L.
Christmas Fern - Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Cinnamon Fern - Osmunda cinnamomea L. [Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl]
Cinquefoils -see:
- Common Cinquefoil
- Marsh Cinquefoil - see Purple Marshlocks
- Prairie Cinquefoil
- Rough Cinquefoil
- Rough-fruited Cinquefoil
- Shrubby Cinquefoil
- Silver Cinquefoil
Clammy Ground Cherry - Physalis heterophylla Nees
Clearweed see - Canadian Clearweed - Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray
Cleavers (Stickywilly) - Galium aparine L.
Climbing Bittersweet - Celastrus scandens L.
Climbing Nightshade - Solanum dulcamara L.
Closed Gentian: See Bottle Gentian - Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb.
Clovers -see
- Red Clover
- White Clover
- White Sweet Clover
- Yellow Sweet Clover
Columbine (Red or Wild Columbine) - Aquilegia canadensis L.
Comfrey - Symphytum officinale L. - [Historical - not extant]
Common Beggartick - Bidens frondosa L.
Common Blue Violet - Viola sororia Willd. (Viola papilionacea)
Common Blue Wood Aster -see: Heart-leaved Aster - Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
Common Bugle – Ajuga reptans L. [Not in the Garden]
Common Burdock - Arctium minus Bernh.
Common Cattail - Typha latifolia L.
Common Cinquefoil - Potentilla simplex Michx.
Common Chickweed - Stellaria media (L.) Vill. [Historical - not extant]
Common Dogbane -see- Spreading Dogbane - Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Common Evening Primrose - Oenothera biennis L.
Common Fleabane see Philadelphia Fleabane - Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Common Milkweed - Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Moonseed -see- Canada Moonseed - Menispermum canadense L.
Common Mullein - Verbascum thapsus L.
Common Periwinkle - Vinca minor L.
Common Plantain - Plantago major L.
Common Ragweed - Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Common St. Johnswort - Hypericum perforatum L.
Common Strawberry (Virginia Strawberry) - Fragaria virginiana Mill.
Common Yellow Oxalis - Oxalis stricta L.
Compass Plant - Silphium laciniatum L.
Coneflowers - see:
- Black-eyed Susan
- Green-headed Coneflower
- Gray-headed Coneflower
- Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower)
- Narrow-leaved Coneflower (Blacksamson Echinacea)
- Orange Coneflower
- Pale Purple Coneflower
- Purple Coneflower (Eastern Purple)
- Sweet Black-eyed Susan (Sweet Coneflower)
- Thin-leaved Coneflower (Brown-eyed Susan)
Cow Parsnip - Heracleum maximum Bartram
Crabgrass (Hairy Crabgrass) - Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Cranberry - see trees and shrubs at bottom of the page
Cream Pea - Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.
Creeping Charlie - (Ground Ivy) - Glechoma hederacea L.
Creeping Jenny - see - Moneywort - Lysimachia nummularia L.
Crested Wood Fern - Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray. [Historical - not extant]
Crinkleroot see Two-leaved Toothwort - Cardamine diphylla (Michx) Alph. Wood
Crown Vetch - - [not in the Garden] - Coronilla varia L.
Culver's root - Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.
Cup Plant - Silphium perfoliatum L.
Curly Dock - Rumex crispus L.
Curlycup Gumweed - - [Historical, not extant] - Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal
Currants - go to Shrubs list
Cursed Crowfoot [not in the Garden] - Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Cut-leaved Toothwort - Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz
Cutgrass - see -
- Rice Cutgrass
- Whitegrass
Cylindrical Blazing Star -see: Ontario Blazing Star - Liatris cylindracea Michx.
Daisy Fleabane (Lesser Daisy Fleabane) - Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Dame's Rocket - (Sweet Rocket) (Dame's Violet) - Hesperis matronalis L.
Dandelion - Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg.
Dark Green Bulrush - Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
Darkthroat Shooting Star - Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett) Fassett
Day Lily - see
- Orange Day Lily
- Yellow Day Lily
Dense Blazing Star - Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.
Devil's Beggartick - Bidens frondosa L.
Devil's Darning Needles: See Virgin's Bower - Clematis virginiana L.
Dewberry - (Northern Dewberry) - Rubus flagellaris Willd.
Ditch Stonecrop – Penthorum sedoides L. [Historical - not extant]
Dodder - Common - Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult
Dog fennel - Anthemis cotula L. [No longer extant.]
Dogtooth Violet -see- Yellow Trout Lily - Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.
Dogwoods - go to Shrubs list
Dotted Blazing Star – Liatris punctata Hook. [Historical - not extant]
Dotted Smartweed - Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small
Downy Gentian - Gentiana puberulenta J. S. Pringle
Downy Phlox - (Prairie Phlox) - Phlox pilosa L.
Downy Wood Mint - Blephilia cilata (L.) Benth.
Downy Yellow Violet - Viola pubescens Aiton
Drooping Trillium - (Nodding Wakerobin) - Trillium flexipes Raf.
Duckweed - see Lesser Duckweed - Lemna minor L.
Dutchman's Breeches - Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
Dwarf Cornel see - Bunchberry - Cornus canadensis L. - [Historical - not extant]
Dwarf Crested Iris – Iris cristata Aiton [Historical - not extant]
Dwarf Red Blackberry Rubus pubescens Raf.
Early Meadow Rue - Thalictrum dioicum L.
Earlyleaf Brome (grass) - Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
Eastern Bluestar - (Willow Amsonia) - Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt.
Eastern Bottlebrush Grass - Elymus hystrix L.
Eastern Camas see - Wild Hyacinth - Lycopus uniflorus Michx. var uniflorus
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Annual Fleabane) - Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
Eastern False Rue Anemone -see- False Rue Anemone - Enemion biternatum Raf. (former Isopyrum biternatum)
Eastern Purple Coneflower - Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Eastern Swamp Saxifrage - Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. former Saxifraga pensylvanica L.
Eastern Waterleaf -see- Virginia Waterleaf - Hydrophyllum virginianum L.
Elderberries -see trees and shrubs at page bottom
Elecampane - - [Historical, not extant] - Inula helenium L.
Elm-leaved Goldenrod - Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Enchanter's Nightshade - Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus
European Bellflower - (Rampion Bellflower) - Campanula rapunculoides L.
Erect Carrion Flower (Upright Carrion Flower) – Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson
European Cranberrybush - Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus
Evening Primrose - Common Evening Primrose - Oenothera biennis L.
Everlasting Pea - - [not in the Garden] - Lathyrus latifolius L.
False Blue Indigo - Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
False White Indigo see White False Indigo - Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
False Dragonhead see -Obedient Plant - Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
False Lily-of-the-Valley see- Canadian Mayflower Maianthemum canadense Desf.
False Rue Anemone - (Eastern False Rue Anemone) - Enemion biternatum Raf. (former Isopyrum biternatum)
False Solomon's-seal - (Feathery False Lily of the Valley) - Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Old=Smilacina racemosa
Fen Grass of Parnassas - Parnassia glauca Raf.
Feverfew - - [not in the Garden] - Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.
Few-leaved Sunflower see Western Sunflower – Helianthus occidentalis Riddell
Ferns in the Garden
----Bracken Fern - Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum
----Brittle Bladder Fern – Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. [Historical - not extant]
----Bulblet Fern Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernhardi
----Christmas Fern - Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
----Cinnamon Fern - Osmunda cinnamomea L.
----Crested Wood Fern - Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray. [Historical - not extant]
----Glade Fern – Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M.Broun [Historical - not extant]
----Goldie's Wood Fern (Giant Wood Fern) - Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray
----Interrupted Fern - Osmunda claytoniana L.
----Lady Fern - Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
----Male Fern - Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott [Not extant]
----Marginal Wood Fern - Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray
----Marsh Fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald [Historical - not extant]
----Northern Maidenhair Fern - Adiantum pedatum L.
----Ostrich Fern - Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
----Royal Fern - Osmunda regalis (L.) var. spectabilis (Willd.) A.Gray [Historical - not extant]
----Sensitive Fern - Onoclea sensibilis L.
----Silvery False Spleenwort - Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato
----Spinulose Wood Fern (Toothed Wood Fern) - Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs [Historical - not extant]
Field Bindweed - - [Historical, not extant] - Convolvulus arvensis L.
Field Horsetail – Equisetum arvense L. [Historical - not extant]
Field Mint - see Wild Mint - Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis
Field Pennycress - - [not in the Garden] - Thlaspi arvense L.
Field Pussytoes - Antennaria neglecta Greene
Field Sow Thistle - - [Historical- not extant] - Sonchus arvensis L.
Field Thistle - Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
Fireweed (American Burnweed) - Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.
Fireweed (Great Willow Herb) - Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub [formerly Epilobium angustifolium L.]
Flat-topped Aster - Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) var. pubens [former - Aster umbellatus]
Fleabanes - see:
- Annual Fleabane - see Eastern
- Common Fleabane see- Philadelphia
- Daisy Fleabane (Lesser Daisy Fleabane) - Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
- Eastern Daisy Fleabane - Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
- Philadelphia -(Common) - Erigeron philadelphicus L
- Prairie - see Daisy Fleabane
-Comparison sheet of 3 fleabanes in the Garden -
Flowering Raspberry - (Thimbleberry) - Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Flowering Spurge - Euphorbia corollata L.
Foamflower - (Heartleaf Foamflower) - Tiarella cordifolia L.
Foamy Bells - xHeucherella tiarelloides - see Foamflower.
Fool's Parsley - - [Not a Garden plant.] - Aethusa cynapium L.
Four-flower Loosestrife - Lysimachia quadriflora Sims [Historical - not extant]
Forget-me-not -see - True Forget-me-not - Myosotis scorpioides L.
Four o'clock see Heart-leaved Four o'clock - Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill.
Fowl Mannagrass - Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
Foxglove -see- Grecian Foxglove - Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Foxglove Beardtongue - (Talus Slope Penstemon) - Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims
Fragrant Bedstraw - (Sweet-scented Bedstraw) - Galium triflorum Michx.
Fragrant False Indigo - - [Historical, not extant- - Amorpha nana Nutt.
Fragrant Giant Hyssop - see Blue Giant Hyssop -
Fringed Black Bindweed - Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub.
Fringed Loosestrife - Lysimachia ciliata L.
Fringeleaf Wild Petunia - Ruellia humilis Nutt.
Fumewort (Spring Fumewort) - Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.
Galax (Beetleweed) - Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt
Garden Currant - Ribes rubrum L.
Garden Loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris L.
Garden Valerian Valeriana officinalis L.
Garden Phlox - Phlox paniculata L.
Garlic Mustard - Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Gaura - Biennial - Gaura biennis L.
Gentians - see:
-Bottle (Closed) Gentian
-Plain Gentian (Pale, Yellow, Cream Gentian)
-Stiff Gentian
Giant Goldenrod Solidago gigantea Aiton
Giant Ragweed - (Historical - not extant) - Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida
Giant Sunflower (Tall Sunflower) - Helianthus giganteus L.
Glade Fern – Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M.Broun [Historical - not extant]
Glade Mallow - Napaea dioica L.
Goatsbeards -see:
- Bride's-feathers -
- Yellow Salsify -
- Yellow Goatsbeard - (Meadow Goatsbeard)
Golden Alexanders - (Golden Zizia) - Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Golden Ragwort - Packera aurea (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve [old- Senecio aureus]
Goldenglow - see Green-headed Coneflower - Rudbeckia lanciniata L.
Goldenrods -see:
- Canada Goldenrod - see Late Goldenrod
- Elm-leaved Goldenrod
- Giant Goldenrod
- Grass-leaved Goldenrod
- Gray Goldenrod (Old Field)
- Late Goldenrod (Tall Goldenrod)
- Riddell's Goldenrod
- Showy Goldenrod
- Stiff Goldenrod (Hard-leaved)
- Zigzag Goldenrod
Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis L.
Goldie's Wood Fern - Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray
Gooseberries -see trees and shrubs at bottom of page
Grape Woodbine - Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.
Grass-leaved Goldenrod - Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. [Older - Solidago graminifolia]
Grass of Parnassas – see Fen Grass of Parnassas - Parnassia glauca Raf.
Grasses of the Garden - A separate thumbnail page for all the Garden grasses
Gray Goldenrod - (Old Field Goldenrod) - Solidago nemoralis Aiton.
Gray-headed Coneflower - Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart
Great Blue Lobelia - Lobelia siphilitica L.
Great Burdock - Arctium lappa L.
Great Indian Plantain - Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. Rob.
Great Solomon's Seal - (Smooth Solomon's Seal) - Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum
Great St. Johnswort - Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton
Great Willow Herb: See Fireweed - Epilobium angustifolium L. [some entities now assign to Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub]
Greater Yellow Lady's-slipper (small flowered) - Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Willd.) Knight (older -Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens)
Greater Yellow Lady's-slipper (large flowered) - Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight (older -Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens)
Grecian Foxglove - Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Green-flowered Peppergrass Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Green-headed Coneflower - Rudbeckia laciniata L.
Greek Valerian -see- Jacob's Ladder - Polemonium reptans L.
Ground Cherries - see:
- Clammy Ground Cherry
- Long-leaf Ground Cherry
Groundnut (Wild Bean) - Apios americana Medik.
Ground Ivy - see Creeping Charlie - Glechoma hederacea L.
Grove Sandwort: SeeBluntleaf Sandwort - Moehringia lateriflora L. [old=Arenaria lateriflora]
Hawkweeds - see:
- Orange Hawkweed
- Rough Hawkweed (Narrow-leaf Hawkweed, Canada Hawkweed, Yellow Hawkweed)
Hairy Bead Grass (Paspalum) - Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Hairy Golden-aster – Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners [Historical, not extant]
Hairy Sunflower -see- Stiff-haired Sunflower - Helianthus hirsutus Raf.
Hairy Vetch - Vicia villosa Roth
Hairy Wood Mint - Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.
Hairy Woodland Brome (grass) - Bromus pubescens L.
Harebell - Campanula rotundifolia L.
Heal-all (Self Heal) - Prunella vulgaris L.
Heartleaf Foamflower - see- Foamflower - Tiarella cordifolia L.
Heart-leaved Aster - (Common Blue Wood Aster) - Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom
Heart-leaved Four-o'clock - (Wild Four-o'clock) - Mirabilis nyctaginea(Michx.) MacMill.
Hedge Bindweed - (Wild Morning Glory)- Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br.
Helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine) - Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
Henbit Deadnettle - Lamium amplexicaule L. [Historical - not extant]
Hepatica (Round-lobed and Sharp-lobed) - Anemone acutiloba (DC) G.Lawson and Anemone americana (DC) H.Hara
Hermit of the Bog - See Skunk Cabbage -
Highbush Cranberry - Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton.
Hispid Buttercup: See Swamp Buttercup - Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Hoary Alyssum - Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
Hoary Wood Mint (Hairy Wood Mint) - Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.
Hoary Vervain - Verbena stricta L.
Hog Peanut - Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald.
Honewort - Canadian - Cryptotaenia canadensis L. [Historical - not extant]
Hooked Crowfoot - (Blisterwort) - Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Horehound - see:
- American Water Horehound
- Northern Bugleeed
Hop Clover - see Black Medick
Horse Gentian - (Late Horse Gentian) - Triosteum perfoliatum L.
Horseflyweed - Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. [Historical - not extant]
Horsemint - see Spotted Bee-balm - Monarda punctata L. [Historical Garden Plant - not extant.]
Horsetails - see:
- Field Horsetail
- Water Horsetail
Hyssops - see:
- Blue Giant Hyssop
- Purple Giant Hyssop
- Yellow Giant Hyssop
Indian Cup: See Cup Plant - Silphium perfoliatum L.
Indiangrass - Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
Indian hemp - Apocynum cannabinum L.
Indian Pipe – Monotropa uniflora L. [Historical Garden Plant - not extant.]
Indian Turnip: See Jack-in-the-pulpit - Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Interrupted Fern - Osmunda claytoniana L.
Iris -see:
- Dwarf Crested Iris
- Blue Flag
- Yellow Flag
Ironweed (Prairie Ironweed) - Vernonia fasciculata Michx.
Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon see Meadow Goatsbeard - Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy]
Jack-in-the-pulpit - (Indian Turnip) - Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jacob's-ladder - Spreading (Greek Valerian) - Polemonium reptans L.
Jacob's Ladder - Western – Polemonium occidentale Green ssp lacustre Wherry [not in the Garden].
Japanese Hedge Parsley - - [Not a Garden plant] - Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Japanese Knotweed - Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene var. japonica - former Polygonum cuspidatum
Jerusalem Artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus L.
Jewelweeds see:
- Pale Touch-me-not) - Impatiens pallida Nutt.
- Spotted Touch-me-not - (Jewelweed) - Impatiens capensis Meerb. (I. biflora)
Jimsonweed - Datura stramonium L. [Historical - not extant]
Joe-Pye Weeds see
-Spotted Joe-Pye Weed -
-Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed -
Kentucky Bluegrass - Poa pratensis L.
Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup) - Ranunculus abortivus L.
King of the Meadow -see- Tall Meadow Rue - Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
Labrador Tea – Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd [Historic - not extant]
Lady's-slippers - see:
- Stemless (Moccasin Flower)
- Showy Lady's-slipper
- Yellow Lady's-slipper
Lady Fern - Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Lanceleaf Figwort - Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh.
Large-flowered Beardtongue -see: Showy Beardtongue - Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.
Large-flowered Bellwort - Uvularia grandiflora Sm.
Large-flowered Trillium - (White Trillium) - Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb.
Large-headed Blazing Star - (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star) - Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum.
Large-leaved Aster - (Bigleaf Aster) - Eurybia macrophylla L. Cass. [Old name = Aster macrophyllus]
Large-leaved False Indigo see-White False Indigo - Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
Larkspur - Tall - [not in Garden] - Delphinium exaltatum Aiton
Late Goldenrod - Solidago altissima L.
Lawn Prunella – Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris [Not in the Garden]
Leadplant - Amorpha canescens Pursh
Leafy Spurge - Euphorbia virgata Waldst & Kit.
Leatherleaf – Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench [Historical - not extant]
Leek, Wild - Allium tricoccum Sol.
Leopard Flower - see Blackberry Lily - Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.
Lesser Burdock - Arctium minus Bernh.
Lesser Daisy Fleabane - Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Lesser Duckweed - Lemna minor L.
Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid - [historical plant - not extant] - Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.
Lilies - see:
- Blackberry Lily (Leopard Flower)
- Canada Lily (Meadow - Wild Yellow Lily)
- Michigan Lily
- Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily
- Orange Day Lily
- Turk's Cap Lily
- Yellow Day Lily
- Yellow Trout Lily
- White Trout Lily
- Wood Lily
Lily-of-the-Valley – Convallaria majalis L. var. majalis
Little Bluestem - Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium
Littleleaf Buttercup - see: Kidneyleaf Buttercup - Ranunculus abortivus L.
Live Forever - (Witch's Moneybags) - Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. [old - Sedum telephium]
Lobelias -see:
- Cardinal Flower
- Great Blue Lobelia
- Pale-spike Lobelia
Long-headed Coneflower - (Prairie Coneflower) - Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Long-leaf Ground Cherry - [Not in the Garden] - Physalis longifolia Nutt.
Long-leaved Bluet – Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook [Historical, not extant]
Long-leaved Chickweed - (Long-leaved Stichwort) - Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Loosestrifes -see:
- Fringed Loosestrife
- Purple Loosestrife
- Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife)
- Whorled Loosestrife
Lopseed - Phryma leptostachya L.
Lupine see - Wild Lupine - Lupinus perennis L.
Macloskey's Violet – Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd [Historical - not extant]
Maidenhair Fern see Northern Maidenhair Fern - Adiantum pedatum L.
Male Fern - [Not extant] - Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Maltese Cross - [Historical plant -not extant] - Lychnis chalcedonica L.
Many-flowered Aster -see - White Heath Aster - Symphyotrichum ericoides L. [old- Aster ericoides]
Marginal Wood Fern - Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray
Marsh Arrowgrass - Triglochin palustris L.
Marsh Bellflower - - [Historic plant, not extant] - Campanula aparinoides Pursh
Marsh Blue Violet – Viola cucullata Aiton [Historical - not extant]
Marsh Cinquefoil - see Purple Marshlocks - [Historic plant, not extant] - Comarum palustre L.
Marsh Fern [Historic plant, not extant] Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald
Marsh Hedgenettle - - [Historical, not extant] - Stachys palustris L.
Marsh Marigold - (Cowslip) - Caltha palustris L.
Marsh Muhly Grass - Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Marsh Pea – Lathyrus palustris L. [not in the garden]
Maximilian Sunflower - Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. [Historical, not extant]
Mayapple - Podophyllum peltatum L.
Mayweed - see Dog fennel - Anthemis cotula L. [Not in the Garden]
Meadow Evening Primrose -see- Prairie Sundrops - Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Meadow Goatsbeard - (Yellow Goatsbeard) - Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy]
Meadow Rues - see
- Early Meadow Rue
- Tall Meadow Rue
- Veiny Meadow Rue
Meadow Sweet: See Queen of the Meadow - Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Meadowsweet (Narrowleaf Meadowsweet) - Spiraea alba DuRoi.
Mexican Muhly (Satin Grass) - Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Michigan Lily - Lilium michiganense L.
Milkweeds - see
- Butterfly Weed
- Common Milkweed
- Poke Milkweed
- Swamp Milkweed
- Whorled Milkweed
Milkvetch - see Canadian Milk Vetch - Astragalus canadensis L.
Minnesota Dwarf Troutlily - Erythronium propullans A. Gray
Mints- see
- Downy Wood Mint
- Hairy Wood Mint
- Peppermint
- Wild Mint
Miterwort see: Twoleaf Miterwort - Mitella diphylla L.
Moccasin Flower - see Stemless Lady's Slipper – Cypripedium acaule Aiton [Historical - not extant]
Moneywort - (Creeping Jenny) - Lysimachia nummularia L.
Monkey Flower - Mimulus ringens L. var. ringens
Monkshood – Aconitum napellus L. [No longer extant]
Moonseed: See Common Moonseed - Menispermum canadense L.
Motherwort - Leonurus cardiaca L.
Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia L.
Mouse-ear Chickweed - Cerastium fontanum emend Jalas ssp. vulgare
Muhly Grass (Marsh Muhly) - Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Mullein (Common) - Verbascum thapsus L.
Narrow-leaved Cattail - Typha angustifolia L.
Narrow-leaved Coneflower - - [Historical, not extant] - Echinacea angustifolia DC.
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass - Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Narrowleaf Hawksbeard Crepis tectorum L.
Nettles - see
- Canadian Clearweed
- Stinging Nettle (California Nettle)
- Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle)
New England Aster - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom [old- Aster novae-angliae]
New England Blazing Star see- Northern Blazing Star - Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell
New Jersey Tea - Ceanothus americanus L.
Night Flowering Catchfly - - [Historical, not extant] - Silene noctiflora L
Nightshades - see
- Climbing Nightshade
- West Indian Black Nightshade (Black Nightshade)
Nodding Bur Marigold - (Nodding Beggar-tick) - Bidens cernua L.
Nodding Trillium - Trillium cernuum L.
Nodding Wakerobin -see- Drooping Trillium - Trillium flexipes Raf.
Nodding Wild Onion - Allium cernuum Roth.
Northern Bedstraw - Galium boreale L.
Northern Blazing Star - (New England Blazing Star) - Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell
Northern Bog Violet - see Macloskey's Violet – Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd [Historical - not extant]
Northern Bugleweed Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
Northern Bush Honeysuckle - Diervilla lonicera Mill.
Northern Green Orchid - (historical plant - not extant) - Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak
Northern Maidenhair Fern - Adiantum pedatum L.
Northern Sea Oats – Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates [Not in the Garden]
Northern Water Plantain - Alisma triviale Pursh
Northern Willowherb (American Willowherb) - Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.)
Obedient Plant - -(False Dragonhead) - Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Ohio Spiderwort (Bluejacket) - Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Old Field Goldenrod - see Gray Goldenrod - Solidago nemoralis Aiton.
Old Man's Beard: See Virgin's Bower - Clematis virginiana L.
Old Man's Whiskers -see- Prairie Smoke - Geum triflorum Pursh
Ontario Aster - Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom
Ontario Blazing Star - (Cylindrical Blazing Star) - Liatris cylindracea Michx.
Orange Coneflower - - [not in the Garden] - Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton
Orange Day Lily - Hemerocallis fulva L.
Orange Hawkweed - Hieracium aurantiacum L.
Ostrich Fern - Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V.Morton
Oxeye Daisy - Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Older - Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
Pale Beardtongue - - [not in the Garden] - Penstemon pallidus Small
Pale Corydalis - (historical Garden plant - not extant) - Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.
Pale Gentian - See Plain Gentian - Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. (Gentiana flavida A.Gray)
Pale Indian Plantain - Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Rob.
Pale Jewelweed -see- Pale Touch-me-not - Impatiens pallida Nutt.
Pale Purple Coneflower - Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
Pale Smartweed - Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray - [Historical - not extant]
Pale Touch-me-not - (Pale Jewelweed) - Impatiens pallida Nutt.
Pale-spike Lobelia - Lobelia spicata Lam. [Historical - not extant]
Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower - Helianthus strumosus L.
Pale Yellow Iris -see- Yellow Flag Iris - Iris pseudacorus L.
Panicgrass (Scribner's Panicgrass) - Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
Panicled Aster -see White Panicle Aster - Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom
Partridge Berry Mitchella repens L.
Partridge Pea - Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Paspalum (Hairy Bead Grass) - Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Pasque Flower - Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritz. [Historical, not extant]
Pearly Everlasting – Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. [Historical, not extant]
Pennsylvania Bitter-cress – Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Pennsylvania Sedge - (Yellow Sedge) - Carex pensylvanica Lam.
Peppergrass - Green Flowered Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Peppermint - Mentha x piperita L. (Prosp.) [aquatica-spicata]
Pepperroot: See Cut-leaved Toothwort - Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) - (old- Dentaria laciniata)
Perennial Pea - see Everlasting Pea - Lathyrus latifolius L.
Philadelphia Fleabane - (Common Fleabane) - Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Phlox - see:
- Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox)
- Garden Phlox
- Wild Blue Phlox
- Wild Sweet William
Pilewort - see Burnweed - Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.
Pitcher Plant - see Purple Pitcher Plant – Sarracenia purpurea L. [Historical - not extant]
Plain Gentian - (Yellowish Gentian) - Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. (Gentiana flavida A.Gray)
Plains Wild Indigo Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot
Plantain - see:
- Common Plantain
- Great Indian Plantain
Pointed-leaved Ticktrefoil - Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.)
Poison Ivy - see - Western Poison Ivy -
Poke Milkweed - Asclepias exaltata L.
Porcupine Grass - Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth
Prairie Birdsfoot Violet Viola pedatifida G. Don
Prairie Blazing Star - Liatris pycnostachya Michx.
Prairie Cinquefoil - see Tall Drymocallis - [Historical, not extant] - Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg.
Prairie Coneflower -see- Long-headed Coneflower - Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Prairie Cordgrass - Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link.
Prairie Dock - (Prairie Rosinweed) - Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.
Prairie Dogbane (Indian Hemp) - Apocynum cannabinum L.
Prairie Dropseed - Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray
Prairie Fleabane - Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Prairie Ironweed -see Ironweed - Vernonia fasciculata Michx.
Prairie Loosestrife – Lysimachia quadriflora Sims [Historical - not extant]
Prairie Phlox - see Downy Phlox - Phlox pilosa L.
Prairie Ragwort - Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A.Weber & A.Löve
Prairie Rosinweed - see - Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.
Prairie Rocket Wallflower (Western Wallflower) - Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC [Historical - not extant]
Prairie Sage -see- White Sage - Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. ludoviciana
Prairie Shooting Star -See- Shooting Star - Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia
Prairie Smoke - (Old Man's Whiskers) - Geum triflorum Pursh
Prairie Sundrops - (Meadow Evening Primrose) - Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Prairie Trillium - Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck
Prairie Violet - Viola pedatifida G. Don
Prickly Lettuce - Lactuca serriola L.
Pride of Ohio -see- Shooting Star - Dodecatheon meadia L.
Primroses, see:
-Evening Primrose
-Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose)
Purple Bergamot - Monarda media Willd.
Purple Coneflower see - Eastern Purple Coneflower - Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Purple Flowering Raspberry - - [historical - not extant] - Rubus odoratus L.
Purple Giant Hyssop - Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze.
Purple Loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria L.
Purple Marshlocks (Marsh Cinquefoil - [Historical - not extant]- Comarum palustre L.
Purple Meadow Rue -see- Tall Meadow Rue - Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall. (Older - Thalictrum polygamum)
Purple Pitcher Plant – Sarracenia purpurea L. [Historical - not extant]
Purple Prairie Clover - Dalea purpurea Vent. (old - Petalostemon purpureum)
Purplestem Aster - Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum
Purple Trillium - Trillium erectum L.
Pussytoes - Field - Antennaria neglecta Greene
Quackgrass - Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Queen Anne's Lace (Bird's Nest weed - Daucus carota L. [Historical - not extant]
Queen of the Meadow - Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Queen of the Prairie - Filipendula rubra (Hill)
Ragweeds - see
- Common Ragweed
- Giant Ragweed
Ragwort, Golden - Packera aurea L. [old- Senecio aureus]
Ramp - see Wild Leek - Allium tricoccum Sol.
Rampion Bellflower- see- European Bellflower - Campanula rapunculoides L.
Raspberries and Blackberries -See:
- Allegheny Blackberry
- Black Raspberry
- Dewberry
- Dwarf Red Blackberry
- Purple Flowering Raspberry
- Swamp Blackberry
- Thimbleberry
- Wild Red Raspberry
Rattlesnake-master - See Button Eryngio Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.
Rattlesnake Root see White Rattlesnake Root - Prenanthes alba L.
Red Baneberry - red berry form - Actaea rubra Willd.
Red Baneberry - white berry form - Actaea rubra Willd.
Red Clover - Trifolium pratense L.
Red Columbine -see-Wild Columbine - Aquilegia canadensis L.
Red Puccoon: See Bloodroot - Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Red Turtlehead - Chelone obliqua L.
Red-stemmed Aster (Purplestem Aster) - Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum [old- Aster puniceus]
Redtop Grass - Agrostis gigantea Roth
Reed Canary Grass - Phalaris arundinacea L.
Rice Cutgrass - Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.
Richardson's Alumroot - Heuchera richardsonii R.Br.
Riddell's Goldenrod - Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell
Riverbank Grape - Vitis riparia Michx.
Roadside Agrimony – Agrimonia striata Michx. - not in the Garden
Rocky Mountain Blazing Star -see: Large-headed Blazing Star - Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum.
Roses: See- Trees and shrubs at page bottom
Rosin-weed see Wholeleaf Rosinweed - Silphium integrifolium Michx.
Rough Bedstraw - Galium asprellum Michx.
Rough Blazing Star - Liatris aspera Michx.
Rough Buttercup -see- Swamp buttercup - Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Rough Cinquefoil - [Historical - not extant] - Potentilla norvegica L.
Rough Fruited Cinquefoil - Potentilla recta L.
Rough Hawkweed (Narrow-leaf Hawkweed) - Hieracium umbellatum L.
Round-headed Bushclover - Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Round-lobed Hepatica - Anemone americana (DC) H.Hara - (Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. or Hepatica triloba
Roundleaf Sundew - Drosera rotundifolia L. [Historical - not extant]
Royal Catchfly - Silene regia Sims
Royal Fern - Osmunda regalis L. [Historical plant, not extant]
Rue Anemone - Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & B. Boivin
Running Myrtle see Common Periwinkle - Vinca minor L.
Running Strawberry Bush Euonymus obovata Nutt.
St. Johnswort, Common - Hypericum perforatum L.
St. Johnswort, Great - Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton
Sandwort, Blunt-leaf - Moehringia lateriflora L. [old- Arenaria lateriflora]
Satin Grass (Mexican Muhly) - Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
Scaly Blazing Star - [Historical plant - not extant] - Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx.
Scarlet Lychnis - - [Historical plant - not extant] - Lychnis chalcedonica L.
Sedges
....Awl-fruit Sedge – Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata
....Bottlebrush Sedge (Porcupine Sedge)– Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.
....Bristly Sedge – Carex comosa Boott
....Bur-reed Sedge – Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd.
....Broom Sedge (Lance-fruited Oval Sedge) – Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia [not in the Garden]
....Cattail Sedge – Carex typhina Michx.
....Crested Sedge (Oval Crested Sedge) – Carex cristatella Britton
....Easter Star Sedge– Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small
....Eastern Wood Sedge – Carex blanda Dewey
....Fox Sedge - Carex vulpinoidea Michx. [Not in the Garden]
....Foxtail Sedge – Carex alopecoidea Tuck.
....Graceful Sedge – Carex gracillima Schwein.
....Gray's Sedge – Carex grayi J. Carey [Not in the Garden]
....Hairy Wood Sedge – Carex hirtifolia Mack.
....Hop Sedge – Carex lupulina Willd. [Not in the Garden]
....Lake Sedge – Carex lacustris Willd.
....Longstalk Sedge – Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd.
....Muskingum Sedge (Palm Sedge) - Carex muskingumensis Schwein.[Not in the Garden]
....Narrow-leaf Sedge (Gray Sedge) – Carex grisea Wahlenb.
....Oval-leaf Sedge (Woodbank Sedge) – Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd.
....Palm Sedge (Muskingum Sedge) - Carex muskingumensis Schwein.[Not in the Garden]
....Pennsylvania Sedge (Yellow Sedge) – Carex pensylvanica Lam.
....Quill Sedge – Carex tenera Dewey
....Shortbeak Sedge – Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell
....Soft Fox Sedge - Carex conjuncta Boott [Not in the Garden]
....Sprengel's Sedge – Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng.
....Stellate Sedge (Rosy Sedge) – Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd.
....Upright Sedge – Carex stricta Lam.
....Woolly Sedge – Carex pellita Willd.
....Yellow Nutsedge – Cyperus esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeckeler
Self-Heal see- Heal-all -
Sensitive Fern - Onoclea sensibilis L.
Shaggy Blazing Star - Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd.
Shaggy Soldier – Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. [Historical - not extant]
Sharp-lobed Hepatica - Anemone acutiloba(DC) G.Lawson -(Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. or Hepatica acutiloba)
Shepherd's Purse - - [Historical, not extant] - Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Shining Bedstraw Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray
Shooting Star - (Pride of Ohio) - Dodecatheon meadia L.
Short's Aster – Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
Showy Beardtongue - (Large-flowered Beardtongue) - Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.
Showy Goldenrod - Solidago speciosa Nutt.
Showy Lady's-slipper - Cypripedium reginae Walter
Showy Tick-trefoil - (Canada Tick-trefoil) - Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.
Shrubby Cinquefoil – Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. [Historical, not extant]
Siberian Squill - see Blue Squill - Scilla siberica Haw.
Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster) - Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love [old- Aster lateriflorus]
Sideoats Grama (grass) - Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Silky Aster - (Western Silky Aster) - Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom
Silver Cinquefoil - Potentilla argentea L.
Silvery False Spleenwort - Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato
Silvery Scurf Pea - Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes
Sissileleaf Bellwort -see- Wild Oats - Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Skunk Cabbage - Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton
Sky Blue Aster - Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom [old - Aster azureus]
Small White Violet - see Macloskey's Violet – Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd [Historical - not extant]
Smartweeds: see -
- Arrowleaf Tearthumb
- Dotted Smartweed
- Pale (Nodding) Smartweed
- Spotted Lady's-thumb
- Water Smartweed
Smooth Blue Aster - Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve [old- Aster laevis]
Smooth Brome (grass) - Bromus inermis Leyss.
Smooth Oxeye - Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet var. scraba
Smooth Rockcress - Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz former Arabis laevigata
Smooth Solomon's Seal (Great Solomon's Seal) - Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum
Smooth Sweet Cicely -see- Anise Root - Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.
Smooth White Violet - see Macloskey's Violet – Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd [Historical - not extant]
Sneezeweed - Helenium autumnale L.
Snow Trillium - Trillium nivale Riddell
Soapwort see - Bouncing Bet - Saponaria officinalis L.
Soft Agrimony – Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.
Solomon's Seals - see
- Great Solomon’s Seal (Smooth Solomon’s Seal)
- False Solomon’s Seal
Sow Thistles - see
- Field Sow Thistle
- Spiny Sow Thistle
Spiderwort - See Ohio Spiderwort - (Bluejacket) - Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Spiderwort - (Bracted Spiderwort) - Tradescantia bracteata Small
Spiked Blazing Star see Dense Blazing Star - Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.
Spikenard - see American Spikenard
Spinulose Wood Fern - Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs [Historical plant, not extant]
Spiny Sow Thistle - Sonchus asper (L.) Hill - [Historical, not extant]
Spotted Bee-balm (Horsemint) - Monarda punctata L. [Historical Garden Plant - not extant].
Spotted Geranium -see- Wild Geranium - Geranium maculatum L.
Spotted Joe-Pye Weed - Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E.Lamont (former- Eupatorium maculatum)
Spotted Knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii L.
Spotted Lady's-thumb - - [Historical - not extant] - Persicaria maculosa Gray
Spotted Touch-me-not - (Jewelweed) - Impatiens capensis Meerb. ( old - I. biflora)
Spreading Dogbane - Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Spreading Jacob's Ladder - Polemonium reptans L.
Spring Beauty - see Virginia Spring Beauty - Claytonia virginica L.
Starflower – Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U. Manns & Anderb. [Historical - not extant]
Starry False Solomon's Seal - Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
Starry Campion (Widowsfrill) - Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton
Stemless Lady's-slipper – Cypripedium acaule Aiton [Historical - not extant]
Stickywilly -see- Cleavers - Galium aparine L.
Stiff Coreopsis - Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Stiff Goldenrod - Solidago rigida L. [Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum]
Stiff Gentian (Agueweed) - Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small. [Historical - not extant.]
Stiff-haired Sunflower - Helianthus hirsutus Raf.
Stiff Sunflower - Helianthus pauciflous
Stiff Tickseed - see Stiff Coreopsis - Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Stinging Nettle - Urtica dioica L.
Strawberries (wild) -See:
- Common Strawberry (Virginia Strawberry)
- Woodland Strawberry
Sumacs - go to Shrubs list
Sundew - see Roundleaf Sundew
Yellow Sunflower types and look-a-likes- see:
- Compass Plant
- Cup Plant
- Giant (Tall) Sunflower
- Jerusalem Artichoke
- Maximilian Sunflower
- Paleleaf Sunflower
- Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed)
- Rosinweed
- Stiff-haired Sunflower (Woodland Sunflower, Hairy Sunflower)
- Stiff Sunflower
- Smooth Oxeye
- Sneezeweed
- Western (Few-leaved)
- Wingstem
Swamp Beggartick - (Purple-stem Beggartick) - Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd.
Swamp or Bristly Blackberry Rubus setosus Big. (Rubus semisetosus Blanch.)
Swamp Buttercup - (Hispid Buttercup) - Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus
Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife) - Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P.
Swamp Milkweed - Asclepias incarnata L.
Swamp Saxifrage - Eastern - Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. former Saxifraga pensylvanica L.
Swamp Thistle – Cirsium muticum Michx.
Swamp Vervain (Blue Vervain) - Verbena hastata L.
Sweet Betsy - Trillium cuneatum Raf.
Sweet Black-eyed Susan - (Sweet Coneflower) - [Historical - not extant] - Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh
Sweet Cicely – Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. [Not in the Garden}
Sweet Fern - Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult
Sweet Flag - [Historical, not extant] - Acorus americanus and Acorus calamus L.
Sweet-scented Bedstraw -see Fragrant Bedstraw -
Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed - Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E.Lamont former Eupatorium purpureum L.
Sweet Rocket - see Dame's Rocket -
Sweet Viburnum: See Nannyberry - Viburnum lentago L.
Switch Grass - Panicum virgatum L.
Tall Bellflower - (American Bellflower) - Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small [older - Campanula americana L.]
Tall Blue Lettuce – Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald [not in the Garden]
Tall Buttercup - Ranunculus acris L.
Tall Drymocallis (Prairie Cinquefoil) - [Historical, not extant] Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg.
Tall Goldenrod - see Late Goldenrod. - Solidago altissima L.
Tall Larkspur - (not in Garden) - Delphinium exaltatum Aiton
Tall Meadow Rue (Purple Meadow Rue) - Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall.
Tall Sunflower - see Giant Sunflower - - [historical - not extant] - Helianthus giganteus L.
Tall Thimbleweed - Anemone virginiana L.
Talus Slope Penstemon -see- Foxglove Beardtongue) - Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims
Tansy - - [Historical, not extant.] - Tanacetum vulgare L.
Thimbleberry - (Flowering Raspberry) - Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Thimbleweed - Anemone cylindrica A.Gray
Thin-leaved Coneflower - Rudbeckia triloba L.
Thistles - see -
-Bull Thistle -
-Canada Thistle -
-Field Thistle-
-Swamp Thistle-
-Comparison sheet - - all Minnesota Thistles
Threepetal Bedstraw - Galium trifidum L.
Thyme-leaf Speedwell – Veronica serpyllifolia L. [Historical, not extant]
Ticktrefoils - see:
- Canada Tick-trefoil (Showy Ticktrefoil)
- Pointed-leaved Ticktrefoil
Timothy - Phleum pratense L.
Toadflax, Bastard - Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
Toadshade - (Sessile Trillium) - Trillium sessile L.
Toothworts -see:
- Cut-leaved Toothwort
- Two-leaved Toothwort
Touch-me-nots -see:
- Pale Touch-me-not (a Jewelweed)
- Spotted Touch-me-not (a Jewelweed)
Trailing Wild Bean - (Amberique Bean) - Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott
Trees and Large Shrubs - see bottom of page
Trilliums - see:
- Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin or Declining Trillium)
- Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium)
- Prairie Trillium
- Purple Trillium
- Snow Trillium
- Sweet Betsy
- Toadshade (Sessile Trillium)
- Yellow Trillium (Yellow Wakerobin)
Troutlilies - see
- Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily
- White Troutlily
- Yellow Troutlily
Tufted Loosestrife - Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
True Forget-me-not - Myosotis scorpioides L.
Turk's-cap Lily & Michigan Lily - Lilium superbum L. and Lilium michiganense L.
Turtlehead - (White Turtlehead) - Chelone glabra L.
Twinleaf - Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.
Two-leaved Toothwort - Cardamine diphylla (Michx) Alph. Wood [former - Dentaria diphylla ]
Twoleaf Miterwort - (Bishop's Cap) - Mitella diphylla L.
Upright Carrion Flower (Erect Carrion Flower) – Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson
Upright Prairie Coneflower -see- Long-headed Coneflower - Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.
Valerian - Garden Valeriana officinalis L. [Not in the Garden]
Veiny Meadow Rue - Thalictrum venulosum Trel.
Veiny Pea (Veiny Vetchling) - Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Vervains - see:
- Hoary Vervain
- Swamp (Blue) Vervain
- White Vervain
Vetches - see:
- American Vetch
- Canadian Milk Vetch
- Crown Vetch
- Hairy Vetch
Violets - see:
- Bird's-foot Violet
- Canada Violet
- Common Blue Violet, (Woolly Blue Violet)
- Downy Yellow Violet
- Macloskey's Violet (Small White Violet)
- Marsh Blue Violet
- Prairie Birdsfoot Violet
Virgin's Bower - Clematis virginiana L.
Virginia Bluebells - Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link
Virginia Creeper - Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.
Virginia Mountain Mint - Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D.Jackson ex B.L. Robins & Fernald.
Virginia Spring Beauty - Claytonia virginica L.
Virginia Stickseed - (Beggar's Lice) - Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst.
Virginia Strawberry -see- Common Strawberry - Fragaria virginiana Mill.
Virginia Waterleaf - (Eastern Waterleaf) - Hydrophyllum virginianum L.
Water Arum -see- Wild Calla - Calla palustris L.
Water Chickweed -see - Long-leaved Chickweed - Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
Water Hemlock - - [Historical, not extant] - Cicuta maculata L.
Water Horehound - American - Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton
Water Horsetail - Equisetum fluviatile L.
Water Smartweed - - [not in the Garden] - Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray
West Indian Black Nightshade - Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal.
Western Jacob's Ladder – Polemonium occidentale Green ssp lacustre Wherry [not in the Garden].
Western Mugwort -see- White Sage - Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Western Panicgrass - Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann
Western Poison Ivy - (not in the Garden) - Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene
Western Silver Aster - (Silky Aster) - Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom
Western Sunflower (Few-leaved Sunflower) [Historical, not extant]– Helianthus occidentalis Riddell subsp. occidentalis
Western Wallflower (Prairie Rocket Wallflower) - Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC [Historical - not extant]
White Arrowleaf Aster - (Arrow-leaved Aster) - Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom
White Avens - Geum canadense Jacq.
White Baneberry - Actaea pachypoda Elliot
White Campion - - [Historical, not extant] - Silene latifolia Poir.
White Chervil - see Canadian Honewort
White Clover - Trifolium repens L.
White False Indigo - Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla [older - B. lactea (Raf.) Thieret var. lactea
White Fawn Lily -see- White Trout lily - Erythronium albidum Nutt.
White Heath Aster - (Many-flowered Aster) - Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom [old- Aster ericoides]
White Panicle Aster - Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom
White Prairie Clover - Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd [old Petalostemon purpureum]
White Rattlesnake Root - Prenanthes alba L.
White Sage (Prairie Sage) - Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. ludoviciana
White Snakeroot - Ageratina altissima L. [old- Eupatorium rugosum]
White Sweet Clover - Melilotus alba Medikus
White Trillium -see- Large Flowered Trillium - Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb.
White Troutlily - (White Fawn Lily) - Erythronium albidum Nutt.
White Turtlehead - see Turtlehead -
White Vervain - Verbena urticifolia L.
White Wood Aster - Eurybia divaricata (L.) G. L. Nesom
Whitegrass (White Cutgrass) - Leersia virginica Willd.
Wholeleaf Rosinweed - (Rosinweed) - Silphium integrifolium Michx.
Whorled Loosestrife - Lysimachia quadrifolia L.
Whorled Milkweed - Asclepias verticillata L.
Widowsfrill - see Starry Campion - Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton
Wild Anise - see Blue Giant Hyssop - Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
Wild Bean -see- Groundnut - Apios americana Medik.
Wild Bergamot - Monarda fistulosa L.
Wild Blue Indigo - see False Blue Indigo - Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.
Wild Blue Phlox - Phlox divaricata L.
Wild Calla (Water Arum) - Calla palustris L.
Wild Columbine - (Red Columbine) - Aquilegia canadensis L.
Wild Cucumber - (not extant) - Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
Wild Four-o clock: See Heartleaf Four O'clock - Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill.
Wild Garlic - Allium canadense L.
Wild Geranium - (Spotted Geranium) - Geranium maculatum L.
Wild Ginger - (Canadian Wild Ginger) - Asarum canadense L.
Wild Grape -see- Riverbank Grape - Vitis riparia Michx.
Wild Hyacinth -Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory
Wild Leek - (Ramp) - Allium tricoccum Sol.
Wild Lettuce - Lactuca canadensis L.
Wild Lupine - Lupinus perennis L.
Wild Mint - (Field Mint) - Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis
Wild Morning Glory: See Hedge Bindweed) - Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (old - Convolvulus sepium)
Wild Oats - (Sissileleaf Bellwort) - Uvularia sessilifolia L.
Wild Onion - (Autumn Onion) - Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl.
Wild Parsnip - Pastinaca sativa L. [Historical - not extant.]
Wild Pea - see Veiny Pea - Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Wild Petunia - Fringeleaf - Ruellia humilis Nutt.
Wild Poinsettia - Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
Wild Quinine - (American Feverfew) - Parthenium integrifolium L.
Wild Red Raspberry - Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Wild Rye - Elymus sp.
Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis L.
Wild Senna - Senna hebecarpa (Fernald) Irwin & Barneby
Wild Sweet William - - [Historical, not extant] - Phlox maculata L.
Wild White Indigo - see White False Indigo - Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla
Wild Yamroot - - Dioscorea villosa L.
Willow Amsonia -see Eastern Bluestar - Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt.
Willowherb - Epilobium coloratum Biehler
Wingstem - - [not in the Garden] - Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney
Winter Cress (Yellow Rocket) - - [Not in the Garden] - Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Wintergreen (Eastern Teaberry) - Gaultheria procumbens L.
Witch's Moneybags - see- Live Forever - Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. [old- Sedum telephium]
Wood Anemone - Anemone quinquefolia L.
Wood Lily Lilium philadelphicum L.
Wood Nettle - (Canadian Wood Nettle) - Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell
Wood Poppy - Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
Wood Sage - see Canada Germander - Teucrium canadense L.
Woodbine (Grape Woodbine) - Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.
Woodland Strawberry - Fragaria vesca L.
Yarrow - Achillea millefolium L.
Yellow Avens - Geum aleppicum Jacq.
Yellow Day Lily - Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. (Old H. flava)
Yellow Flag Iris - (Pale Yellow Iris) - Iris pseudacorus L.
Yellow Foxtail (grass) - Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. pumila
Yellow Giant Hyssop – Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
Yellow Goatsbeard - see Meadow Goatsbeard - Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy]
Yellow Hawkweed see Rough Hawkweed - Hieracium umbellatum L.
Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater) – Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin [Historical, not extant]
Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater) - Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight (older -Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens)
Yellow Loosestrife -see- Swamp Candles - Lysimachia terrestis (L.) B.S.P.
Yellow Marsh Marigold -see- Marsh Marigold - Caltha palustris L.
Yellow Ox-eye - see Smooth Oxeye - Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet var. scraba
Yellow Oxalis, Yellow Wood Sorrel -see Common Yellow Oxalis - Oxalis stricta L.
Yellow Rocket - - [not in the Garden] - Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Yellow Salsify - Tragopogon dubius Scop.
Yellow Sedge (Pennsylvania Sedge) - Carex pensylvanica Lam.
Yellow Sweet Clover - Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Yellow Trillium - (Yellow Wakerobin) - Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison
Yellow Troutlily - (Dogtooth Violet) - Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.
Yellow Violet -see- Downey Yellow Violet - Viola pubescens Aiton
Yellow Wakerobin -see- Yellow Trillium - Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison
Yellow Wild Indigo (small) -see- Horseflyweed - Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. [Historical - not extant]
Yellow Woodsorrel (Common Yellow Oxalis) - Oxalis stricta L.
Zigzag Goldenrod - Solidago flexicaulis L.
Alder - Speckled - Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa
American Basswood - Tilia americana L.
American Beech – Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
American Bladdernut - Staphylea trifolia L.
American Chestnut –Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. [Not in the Garden]
American Cranberrybush - Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton.
American Hazelnut - Corylus americana Walter
American Horse-chestnut - see Ohio Buckeye -
American Plum -see- Wild Plum - Prunus americana Marsh.
American Yew – Taxus canadensis Marshall
Arrowwood
----Downy Arrowwood - Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. [Not in the Garden]
----Southern Arrowwood - Viburnum dentatum L.
Ash - see also Mountain Ash
----Black Ash - Fraxinus nigra Marshall
----Green Ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
----Prickly Ash - Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.
----Wafer Ash - Ptelea trifoliata L.
----White Ash - Fraxinus americana L. [Historical - not extant]
Ash-leaved Maple - see Box Elder
Aspen
----Bigtooth Aspen - Populus grandidentata Michx.
----Quaking Aspen - Populus tremuloides Michx.
Balm of Gilead (Balsam Poplar) - Populus balsamifera L. subsp. balsamifera
Balsam Fir - Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.
Basswood see - American Basswood - Tilia americana L.
Beaked Hazelnut - - [Historical, not extant] - Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta
Birches
----Bog Birch – Betula pumila L.
----Paper Birch (White Birch) - Betula papyrifera Marshall
----River Birch - Betula nigra L.
----Sweet Birch - Betula lenta L.
----Yellow Birch - Betula alleghaniensis Britton
Black Alder See - Winterberry - Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
Black Locust - Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Black Walnut - Juglans nigra L.
Bladdernut see American Bladdernut - Staphylea trifolia L.
Blue Beech (Musclewood) - Carpinus caroliniana Walter
Box Elder - Acer negundo L.
Buckthorn - Common - Rhamnus cathartica L.
Buckthorn - Glossy - - Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.]
Buffalo-berry Shepherdia Argentea (Pursh) Nutt. [Historical - not extant]
Butternut - Juglans cinerea L.
Buttonbush - Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Brambles
----Allegheny Blackberry - Rubus allegheniensis Porter
----Black Raspberry - Rubus occidentalis L.
----Dewberry - (Northern Dewberry) - Rubus flagellaris Willd.
----Purple Flowering Raspberry - - [historical - not extant] - Rubus odoratus L.
----Thimbleberry - (Flowering Raspberry) - Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
----Wild Red Raspberry - Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Cedars
----Eastern Redcedar - Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana
----Northern White Cedar - Thuja occidentalis L.
Cherries
----Black Cherry - Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina
----Chokecherry - Prunus virginiana L. var. virginiana
----Pin Cherry - Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
----Western Sand Cherry - - [historical, not extant] = Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi (L.H. Bailey) Gleason
Chokeberry
----Black Chokeberry - - Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott - alternatively- Photinia melanocarpa Michx.
----Red Chokeberry - [Historical - not extant] - Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. - alternatively - Photinia pyrifolia Lam.
Common Buttonbush - Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Common Ninebark - see- Ninebark - Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.
Coralberry - Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench
Cottonwood (Plains Cottonwood) - Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall subsp. monilifera
Cranberry
----American Cranberrybush (Highbush Cranberry) - Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton. [Old = Viburnum trilobum]
----European Cranberrybush - Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus
Currants
----American Black Currant - (Wild Black Currant) - Ribes americanum Mill.
----Garden Currant - Ribes rubrum L.
Dogwoods
----Gray Dogwood - Cornus racemosa Lam.
----Pale Dogwood - Cornus obliqua Raf.)
----Pagoda Dogwood - (Alternate-leaf Dogwood) - L. f.
----Red osier Dogwood - Cornus sericea L.
Downy Arrowwood - Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. [Not in the Garden]
Eastern Redbud - Cercis canadensis L.
Eastern Hophornbeam - see Hophornbeam - Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Eastern Leatherwood - Dirca palustris L.
Eastern Wahoo - Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.
Elderberries
----Canada Elderberry - (American Black Elderberry) - Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
----Red Elderberry - (Elderberry) (Common Elderberry) - Sambucus racemosa L.
Elms
----American Elm (White Elm) - Ulmus americana L.
----Red Elm (Slippery Elm) - Ulmus rubra L.
----Rock Elm (Cork Elm) - Ulmus thomasii Sarg. [Historical - not extant]
----Siberian Elm – Ulmus pumila L. [Not in the Garden]
Fireberry Hawthorn - (Red Hawthorn) - Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Flame Azalea - Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.
Fringe Tree - Chionanthus virginicus L.
Gooseberries
----Eastern Prickly Gooseberry - - Ribes cynosbati L.
----Missouri Gooseberry - Ribes missouriense Nutt.
Hackberry - Celtis occidentalis L.
Hawthorn - Red – Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Hawthorn - Cockspur – Crataegus crus-galli L.
Hazelnut - see American Hazelnut -
Hemlock - Eastern - Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière
Hickories
----Bitternut Hickory - Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch
----Shagbark Hickory - Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch
Highbush Cranberry - (American Cranberrybush) - Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton. [Old = Viburnum trilobum]
Honeysuckles
----Climbing Honeysuckle (Limber Honeysuckle) - Lonicera dioica L.
----Northern Bush Honeysuckle - Diervilla lonicera Mill.
----Tatarian Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica L.
Hoptree - Ptelea trifoliata L.
Hophornbeam - (Ironwood) - Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Ironwood See Hophornbeam - Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch
Kentucky Coffeetree - Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch
Larch See: Tamarack - Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
Leatherwood: See Eastern Leatherwood - Dirca palustris L.
Locust
----Black Locust - Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Maples
----Amur Maple - - [not in Garden] - Acer ginnala Maxim.
----Black Sugar Maple - Acer nigrum F.Michx. (Acer saccharum nigrum)
----Box Elder - Acer negundo L.
----Manitoba Maple - see Box Elder.
----Mountain Maple - Acer spicatum Lam.
----Norway Maple - Acer platanoides L.
----Red Maple - Acer rubrum L.
----Silver Maple - Acer saccharinum L.
----Striped Maple - Acer pensylvanicum L.
----Sugar Maple - Acer saccharum Marshall
Mock Orange - Philadelphus sp.
Mountain Ash
----American Mountain Ash – Sorbus americana Marshall
----European Mountain Ash - Sorbus aucuparia L. - [Not in Garden]
----Showy Mountain Ash - Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.
Musclewood (Blue Beech) - Carpinus caroliniana Walter
Nannyberry - Viburnum lentago L.
Ninebark - Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.
Oaks
----Black Oak - Quercus velutina Lam.
----Bur Oak - Quercus macrocarpa Michx.
--- Chinkapin Oak (Yellow Oak) – Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. [Historical - not extant]
----Northern Pin Oak - Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill
----Northern Red Oak - Quercus rubra L.
----Pin Oak - Quercus palustris Münchh. [Historical - not extant]
----Scarlet Oak - Quercus coccinea Münchh. [Historical - not extant]
----Swamp White Oak - Quercus bicolor Willd.
----White Oak - Quercus alba L.
----Oak Leaf Comparison Sheet -
Ohio Buckeye - (American Horse-chestnut) - Aesculus glabra Willd.
Pines
----Eastern White Pine - Pinus strobus L.
----Jack Pine - Pinus banksiana Lamb. [Historical - not extant]
----Red Pine (Norway Pine) - Pinus resinosa Aiton.
----Scot's Pine - Pinus sylvestris L.
Plains Cottonwood - Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. monilifera
Prairie Willow - Salix humilis Marshall
Prickly-ash - Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.
Pussy Willow - Salix discolor Muhl.
Redbud see- Eastern Redbud - Cercis canadensis L.
Red Juniper: See cedars - Eastern Red Cedar - Juniperus virginiana L.
Roses
----Carolina Rose - (Pasture Rose) - Rosa carolina L.
----Climbing Rose - (Illinois Rose) - Rosa setigera Michx.
----Prairie Rose - (Arkansas Rose) - Rosa arkansana Porter
----Prickly Rose - Rosa acicularlis Lindl.
----Smooth Rose - Rosa blanda Aiton
----Swamp Rose - (not in Garden) - Rosa palustris Marshall
----Woods' Rose - Rosa woodsii Lindl.
----Wild Roses Comparison Sheet - All 6 roses in the Garden
Serviceberry
----Allegheny Serviceberry - Amelanchier laevis Wiegand
----Downy Serviceberry - (Downy Juneberry) - Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald
----Running Serviceberry (Creeping Juneberry) - Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K.Koch
----Saskatoon Serviceberry - Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Roemer
----Shadblow Serviceberry - Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. [Historical - not extant]
Showy Mountain Ash - Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.
Snowberry - Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake
Southern Arrowwood - Viburnum dentatum L.
Speckled Alder - Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R. T. Clausen
Spruces
----Black Spruce - Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.
----Norway Spruce - Picea abies (L.) Karst.
----White Spruce - Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
Sumacs
----Fragrant Sumac - Rhus aromatica Aiton
----Smooth Sumac - Rhus glabra L.
----Staghorn Sumac - Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth [Rhus typhina L. ]
Tamarack (Larch) - Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
Wahoo - see Eastern Wahoo -
Wayfaring-tree - Viburnum lantana L. - [Not in the Garden]
White Poplar - Populus alba L. - [Not in the Garden]
Wild Plum - Prunus americana Marsh.
Willows
----Black Willow - Salix nigra Marshall [Historical - not extant]
----Pussy Willow - Salix discolor Muhl.
Winterberry - Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
Witch Hazel - Hamamelis virginiana L.
Wolfberry - Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.
Yellowwood - Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd
Yews
----American Yew – Taxus canadensis Marshall
Common Invasive Non-native Plants
Plants listed here are from the Minnesota invasive non-native terrestrial plant list of the MN DNR with a few additions from the Federal Prohibited and Noxious Plants List and some common plants that are not listed but are invasive. Those in the Garden are kept under control.
Amur Maple - [not in Garden] - Acer ginnala Maxim.
Birdsfoot Trefoil - - [not in Garden]Lotus corniculatus L.
Black Bindweed - Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve
Black Locust - Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Black Mustard [not in Garden] - Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Buckthorn - Common - Rhamnus cathartica L.
Buckthorn - Glossy - Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.]
Bull Thistle - [not in Garden] - Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Burnweed - Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf ex DC
Butter and Eggs - Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Canada Thistle - Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Canadian Horseweed - Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist
Chicory - Cichorium intybus L.
Common Chickweed - Stellaria media (L.) Vill. [Not in the Garden]
Creeping Charlie - (Ground Ivy) - Glechoma hederacea L.
Crown Vetch (not in Garden) - Coronilla varia L.
Dodder - Common - Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult
Dog fennel - Anthemis cotula L. [Not in the Garden]
European Bellflower - Campanula rapunculoides L.
Everlasting Pea [not in Garden] - Lathyrus latifolius L.
Feverfew - [not in Garden] - Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.
Field Pennycress - [not in Garden] - Thlaspi arvense L.
Field Sow Thistle - [not in Garden] - Sonchus arvensis L.
Garlic Mustard - Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Grecian Foxglove - Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Helleborine - Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
Hoary Alyssum - [not in Garden] - Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
Japanese Hedge Parsley - [not in Garden] - Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Japanese Knotweed - Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene var. japonica
Leafy Spurge - Euphorbia esula L.
Norway Maple - Acer platanoides L.
Orange Hawkweed - Hieracium aurantiacum L.
Oxeye Daisy - Leucanthemum vulgare Lam
Purple Loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria L.
Queen Anne's Lace (Bird's Nest weed - Daucus carota L. [Not in the Garden]
Reed Canary Grass - Phalaris arundinacea L.
Shaggy Soldier – Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. [Not in the Garden]
Shepherd's Purse - [not in Garden] - Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Smooth Brome (grass) - Bromus inermis Leyss.
Spotted Knapweed - Centaurea biebersteinii L.
Spotted Touch-me-not - (Jewelweed) - Impatiens capensis Meerb. ( old - I. biflora)
Tansy - [not in Garden] - Tanacetum vulgare L.
Thyme-leaf Speedwell – Veronica serpyllifolia L. [Historical, not extant]
Virginia Ground Cherry - - [not in Garden] - Physalis virginiana Mill.
White Clover - Trifolium repens L.
White Sweet Clover - Melilotus alba Medikus
Yellow Flag Iris - (Pale Yellow Iris) - Iris pseudacorus L.
Yellow Rocket (Wintercress)- - [not in Garden] - Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Yellow Sweet Clover - Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
For References used on the plant pages see: Reference List -
The complete Vascular Plant Census -2009, created by the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. Download as a pdf file (2.4 mb) -
Garden Plant Photo Identification Booklet
041223