In the Archive pages you will find links to all the content on the Friends of the Wildflower Garden web site. Unlike the main pages, links here are arranged by topic. These topics include links to articles previously published in the Friend's newsletter - The Fringed Gentian™.
Tabs to Other Archive Pages are also at Page Bottom
A sampling of plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden, both present and historic, and with a few others added in that are native to Minnesota or can be found in Minnesota or can be grown in Minnesota.
Clicking the web-link on the common name gives a page of photos and plant information in a separate window.
Plants without links to an info page will at least have a thumbnail photo in the thumbnail pages listed at right.
Flowering Forbs, Ferns, Grasses, Trees and Shrubs are all listed alphabetically
Historical (once present) and other plants not in the Garden are so noted.
Botanical classification: Botanists continually reclassify plants from previous classifications based on newer scientific information. In some cases consolidating species and varieties and in some cases reclassifying to a different genus or even plant family. We use as references Flora of North America and the Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Minnesota from the University of MN; then if necessary - the USDA Plants Database which in early 2010 completed a major update of these botanical classifications and also the 2014 Garden Census. Reference books in print will not reflect many recent updates until revised editions are published. While many plants may be known by a previous botanical name and, in many cases by a variety of common names, we have updated the listings on this website to what seems to be the newest nomenclature from the sources listed above. Note: While we have tried to be as accurate as possible in the information given, there may be unintended errors. Please advise us if you suspect the information is not accurate.
Abies balsamea (L.) Balsam Fir
Acer ginnala Maxim. – Amur Maple - not in Garden
Acer negundo L. – Box Elder
Acer nigrum F.Michx. (Acer saccharum nigrum) – Black Sugar Maple
Acer pensylvanicum L. – Striped Maple
Acer platanoides L. – Norway Maple
Acer rubrum L. – Red Maple
Acer saccharinum L. – Silver Maple
Acer saccharum Marshall – Sugar Maple
Acer spicatum Lam. – Mountain Maple
Achillea millefolium L. – Yarrow
Aconitum napellus L. – Monkshood [No longer extant]
Acorus americanus Raf. – Sweet Flag - [Historical, not extant]
Acorus calamus L. - See Acorus americanus
Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa - see Cimicifuga racemosa L. – Black Bugbane
Actaea pachypoda Elliot – White Baneberry
Actaea rubra Willd. – Red Baneberry - red berry form
Actaea rubraWilld. – Red Baneberry - white berry form
Adiantum pedatum L. – Northern Maidenhair Fern
Aesculus glabra Willd. – Ohio Buckeye (American Horse-chestnut)
Aethusa cynapium L. – Fool's Parsley - [Not in the Garden]
Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze – Blue Giant Hyssop (Giant Hyssop, Anise or Fragrant Giant Hyssop)
Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze. – Purple Giant Hyssop
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze – Yellow Giant Hyssop
Ageratina altissima L. – White Snakeroot
Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. – Agrimony (Soft Agrimony)
Agrimonia striata Michx. – Roadside Agrimony - not in the Garden
Agrostis gigantea Roth – Redtop Grass
Ajuga reptans L. – Common Bugle [Not in the Garden]
Alisma triviale Pursh [Alisma plantago-aquatica L.] – Northern Water Plantain
Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande – Garlic Mustard
Allium canadense L. – Wild Garlic
Allium cernuum Roth. – Nodding Wild Onion
Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl. – Wild Onion (Autumn Onion)
Allium tricoccum Sol. – Wild Leek (Ramp)
Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R. T. Clausen – Speckled Alder
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – Ragweed - Common
Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida [Historical - not extant] – Giant Ragweed
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Roemer – Saskatoon Service-berry
Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald – Downy Serviceberry (Downy Juneberry)
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. – Shadblow Serviceberry [Historical, not extant]
Amelanchier laevis Wiegand – Allegheny Serviceberry
Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K.Koch – Running Serviceberry (Creeping Juneberry)
Amorpha canescens Pursh – Leadplant
Amorpha nana Nutt. – Fragrant False Indigo [Historical, not extant]
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald. – Hog Peanut
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. – Eastern Bluestar (Willow Amsonia)
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. – Pearly Everlasting [Historical, not extant]
Andropogon gerardii Vitman – Big Bluestem
Anemone acutiloba (DC) G.Lawson – Sharp-lobed Hepatica
Anemone americana (DC) H.Hara – Round-lobed Hepatica
Anemone canadensis L. – Canada Anemone
Anemone cylindrica A.Gray – Thimbleweed
Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritz. – Pasque Flower [Historical, not extant]
Anemone quinquefolia L. – Wood Anemone
Anemone virginiana L. – Tall Thimbleweed
Anemonella thalictroides - see Thalictrum thalictroides L. – Rue-anemone
Antennaria neglecta Greene – Field Pussytoes
Anthemis cotula L. - Dog Fennel [No longer extant.]
Apios americana Medik. – Groundnut (Wild Bean)
Apocynum androsaemifolium L. – Spreading Dogbane (Common Dogbane)
Apocynum cannabinum L. – Indianhemp (American Dogbane))
Aquilegia canadensis L. – Wild Columbine (Red Columbine)
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) see - Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz – Smooth Rockcress
Aralia nudicaulis L. – Wild Sarsaparilla
Aralia racemosa L. ssp. racemosa – American Spikenard
Arctium minus Bernh. – Lesser (Common) Burdock
Arctium lappa L. – Great Burdock
Arenaria lateriflora see - Moehringia lateriflora (L.) – Blunt-leaf Sandwort
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott – Jack-in-the-pulpit
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Rob. – Pale Indian Plantain
Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. Rob. – Great Indian Plantain
Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. – Red Chokeberry
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott – Black Chokeberry
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. ludoviciana – White Sage (Prairie Sage, Western Mugwort)
Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald. - Bride's-feathers (Goat's Beard) [Historical - not extant]
Asarum canadense L. – Canadian Wild Ginger
Asclepias exaltata L. – Poke Milkweed
Asclepias incarnata L. – Swamp Milkweed
Asclepias syriaca L. – Common Milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa L. – Butterfly Milkweed
Asclepias verticillata L. – Whorled Milkweed
Asparagus officinalis L. – Asparagus
Aster azureus see Symphyotrichum oolentangiense – Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster)
Aster cordifolius -see- Symphyotrichum cordifolium L. – Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)
Aster divaricatus see- Eurybia divaricata – White Wood Aster
Aster ericoides see -Symphyotrichum ericoides L. – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)
Aster laevis see - Symphyotrichum laeve L. – Smooth Blue Aster
Aster lateriflorus see Symphyotrichum lateriflorum L. – Side Flowering Aster (Calico Aster)
Aster macrophyllus -see- Eurybia macrophylla L. – Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster)
Aster multiflorus -see- Symphyotrichum ericoides L. – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)
Aster novae-angliae see - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae L. – New England Aster
Aster oblongifolius -see- Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) – Aromatic Aster - [Historical, not extant]
Aster ontarionis -see- Symphyotrichum ontarionis – – Ontario Aster
Aster paniculatus -see- Symphyotrichum lanceolatum – White Panicle Aster
Aster puniceus see - Symphyotrichum puniceum L. – Redstemmed Aster (Purplestem Aster)
Aster sagittifolius see Symphyotrichum urophyllum – White Arrowleaf Aster (Arrow leaved Aster)
Aster sericeus -see- Symphyotrichum sericeum – – Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)
Aster shortii -see- Symphyotrichum shortii. Short's Aster.
Aster simplex see - Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) – White Panicle Aster
Aster umbellatus see- Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) – Flat-topped Aster
Astragalus canadensis L. – Canadian Milk Vetch
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – Lady Fern
Athyrium thelypterioides - see Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato
Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. – False Blue Indigo (Blue Wild Indigo)
Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla – White False Indigo (Wild White Indigo)
Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot – Plains Wild Indigo (Cream Wild Indigo)
B. lactea (Raf.) Thieret var lactea -see Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla – Large-leaved Wild Indigo
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. – Horseflyweed (Small Yellow Wild Indigo) [historical, not extant]
Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. – Yellow Rocket - [Not in the Garden]
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. – Blackberry Lily
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. – Hoary Alyssum
Betula alleghaniensis Britton – Yellow Birch
Betula lenta L. – Sweet Birch [Historical - not extant]
Betula nigra L. – River Birch
Betula papyrifera Marshall – Paper Birch
Betula pumila L. – Bog Birch
Bidens cernua L. – Nodding Bur Marigold (Beggar-ticks)
Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. – Swamp Beggartick (Purple-stem Beggartick)
Bidens frondosa L. – Devil's Beggartick
Blephilia cilata (L.) Benth. – Downy Wood Mint
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. – Hairy Wood Mint (Hoary Wood Mint)
Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz – Smooth Rockcress
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. – Sideoats Grama (grass)
Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – Blue Grama [Historical, not extant]
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch – Black Mustard - [Historical - not extant]
Bromus inermis Leyss. – Smooth Brome (grass)
Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. – Earlyleaf Brome (grass)
Bromus pubescens L. – Hairy Woodland Brome (grass)
Cacalia atriplicifolia & Cacalia muhlenbergii -see: Arnoglossum reniforme – Pale & Great Indian Plantain
Calla palustris L. – Wild Calla (Water Arum)
Callirhoe bushii Fernald – Bush's Poppy-mallow [Not in the Garden]
Caltha palustris L. – Marsh Marigold (Cowslip, Yellow Marsh Marigold)
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. – Hedge Bindweed
Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory - Wild White Hyacinth
Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small – Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)
Campanula americana - see Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small – Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)
Campanula aparinoides Pursh – Marsh Bellflower - [Historic, not extant]
Campanula cervicaria L. – Bristly Bellflower (Bristly Bluebells)
Campanula rapunculoides L. – European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower)
Campanula rotundifolia L. – Harebell
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – Shepherd's Purse [Historical, not extant]
Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz – Cut-leaved Toothwort
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph. Wood – Two-leaved Toothwort (Crinkleroot)
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. – Pennsylvania Bitter-cress)
Carex alopecoidea Tuck. – Foxtail Sedge
Carex blanda Dewey – Eastern Wood Sedge
Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell – Shortbeak Sedge
Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. – Oval-leaf Sedge (Woodbank Sedge)
Carex comosa Boott – Bristly Sedge
Carex conjuncta Boott - Soft Fox Sedge [Not in the Garden]
Carex cristatella Britton – Crested Sedge (Oval Crested Sedge.
Carex gracillima Schwein. – Graceful Sedge
Carex grayi J. Carey – Gray's Sedge [Not in the Garden]
Carex grisea Wahlenb. – Narrow-leaf Sedge (Gray Sedge)
Carex hirtifolia Mack. – Hairy Wood Sedge
Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. – Bottlebrush Sedge
Carex lacustris Willd. – Lake Sedge
Carex lupulina Willd. – Hop Sedge [Not in the Garden]
Carex muskingumensis Schwein. - Palm Sedge (Muskingum Sedge) [Not in the Garden]
Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. – Long-stalk Sedge
Carex pellita Willd. – Woolly Sedge
Carex pensylvanica Lam. – Pennsylvania Sedge (Yellow Sedge)
Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small – Eastern Star Sedge
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. – Stellate Sedge (Rosy Sedge)
Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia – Broom Sedge (Lance-fruited Oval Sedge) [Not in the Garden]
Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. – Bur-reed Sedge
Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. – Sprengel's Sedge
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata – Awl-fruit Sedge
Carex stricta Lam. – Upright Sedge
Carex tenera Dewey – Quill Sedge
Carex typhina Michx. – Cattail Sedge
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. - Fox Sedge [Not in the Garden]
Carpinus caroliniana Walter – Musclewood (Blue Beech)
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch – Bitternut Hickory
Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch – Shagbark Hickory
Cassia fasciculata (see- Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.)) – Partridge Pea
Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. – American Chestnut [Not in the Garden]
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. – Blue Cohosh
Ceanothus americanus L. – New Jersey Tea
Celastrus scandens L. – Climbing Bittersweet (American Bittersweet)
Celtis occidentalis L. – Hackberry
Centaurea biebersteinii L. – Spotted Knapweed
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. – Buttonbush
Cerastium fontanum emend Jalas ssp. vulgare – Mouse-ear Chickweed
Cercis canadensis L. – Eastern Redbud
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene – Partridge Pea
Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench - Leatherleaf [Historical - not extant]
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub – Fireweed
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates – Northern Sea Oats [Not in the Garden]
Chelone glabra L. – Turtlehead (White Turtlehead)
Chelone obliqua L. – Red Turtlehead
Chionanthus virginicus L. – Fringe Tree
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - see- Leucanthemum vulgare Lam – Oxeye Daisy
Cichorium intybus L. – Chicory
Cicuta bulbifera L. – Bulblet Water Hemlock - [Not in the Garden]
Cicuta maculata L. – Water Hemlock - [Historical, not extant]
Cimicifuga racemosa L. – Black Bugbane (Bugbane, Black Cohosh)
Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus – Enchanter's Nightshade (Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade)
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. – Canada Thistle
Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. – Field Thistle
Cirsium muticum Michx. – Swamp Thistle
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. – Bull Thistle [Historical - not extant]
Cirsium - Comparison sheet - all MN Thistles –
Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd – Yellowwood
Claytonia virginica L. – Virginia Spring Beauty
Clematis virginiana L. – Virgin's Bower
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. – Bastard Toadflax
Comarum palustre L. – Purple Marshlocks (Marsh Cinquefoil) [Historical - not extant]
Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult – Sweet Fern
Convallaria majalis L. var. magalis – European Lily-of-the-Valley
Convolvulus arvensis L. – Field Bindweed - [Historical, not extant]
Convolvulus sepium see - Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. angulata Brummitt – Hedge Bindweed (Wild Morning Glory)
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist – Canadian Horseweed (Canada Fleabane)
Coreopsis palmata Nutt. – Stiff Coreopsis (Bird's Foot Coreopsis)
Cornus alternifolia L. f. – Pagoda Dogwood (Alternate-leaf Dogwood)
Cornus canadensis L. - Bunchberry (Dwarf Cornel) [Historical - not extant]
Cornus obliqua Raf. – Pale Dogwood
Cornus racemosa Lam. – Gray Dogwood
Cornus sericea L. – Red osier Dogwood
Coronilla varia L. – Crown Vetch - [Not in the Garden]
Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. – Pale Corydalis (historical Garden plant - not extant)
Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. – Fumewort (Spring Fumewort)
Corylus americana Walter – American Hazelnut
Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta – Beaked Hazelnut - [Historical, not extant]
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe – Hawthorn (Red Hawthorn)
Crataegus crus-galli L. – Cockspur Hawthorn
Crepis tectorum L. – Narrowleaf Hawksbeard
Cryptotaenia canadensis L. - Canadian Honewort [Historical - not extant]
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult – Dodder - Common
Cyperus esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeckeler – Yellow Nutsedge
Cypripedium acaule Aiton – Stemless Lady's-slipper (Moccasin Flower) [Historical - not extant]
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin – Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater) [Historical, not extant]
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight – Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater)
Cypripedium reginae Walter – Showy Lady's-slipper
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernhardi----Bulblet Fern
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – Brittle Bladder Fern [Historical - not extant]
Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd – White Prairie Clover
Dalea purpurea Vent. – Purple Prairie Clover
Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. – Shrubby Conquefoil [Historical, not extant]
Datura stramonium L. - Jimsonweed - [Historical - not extant]
Daucus carota L. - Queen Anne's Lace [Historical - not extant]
Delphinium exaltatum Aiton – Tall Larkspur - not in Garden
Dentaria diphylla- see Cardamine diphylla – Two-leaved Toothwort
Dentaria laciniata see - Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) – Cut-leaved Toothwort
Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato – Silvery False Spleenwort
Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. – Showy Ticktrefoil (Canada Ticktrefoil)
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) – Pointed-leaved Ticktrefoil
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. – Dutchman's Breeches
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann – Western Panicgrass
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould – Panicgrass (Scribner's Panicgrass)
Diervilla lonicera Mill. – Northern Bush Honeysuckle
Digitalis lanata Ehrh. – Grecian Foxglove
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. – Crabgrass (Hairy Crabgrass)
Dioscorea villosa L. – Wild Yamroot
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M.Broun – Glade Fern [Historical - not extant]
Dirca palustris L. – Eastern Leatherwood
Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia – Shooting Star (Pride of Ohio)
Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) var. pubens – Flat-topped Aster
Drosera rotundifolia L. - Roundleaf Sundew [Historical - not extant]
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg. - Tall Drymocallis (Prairie Cinquefoil) [Historical, not extant]
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs – Spinulose Wood Fern [Historical - not extant]
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray – Crested Wood Fern [Historical - not extant]
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott – Male Fern
Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray – Goldie's Wood Fern
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray – Marginal Wood Fern
Echinacea angustifolia DC. – Narrow-leaved Coneflower - [Historical, not extant]
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. – Pale Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench – Eastern Purple Coneflower
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray – Wild Cucumber (Historical - not extant)
Elymus canadensis L. – Canada Wild-rye
Elymus hystrix L. – Eastern Bottlebrush Grass
Elymus repens (L.) Gould – Quackgrass
Elymus sp. – Wild Rye
Enemion biternatum Raf. – False Rue Anemone (Eastern False Rue Anemone)
Epilobium angustifolium – see Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub. - Fireweed
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) - See Epilobium coloratum – Northern Willowherb (American Willowherb)
Epilobium coloratum Biehler – Willowherb
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz – Helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine)
Equisetum arvense L. – Field Horsetail [Historical - not extant]
Equisetum fluviatile L. – Water Horsetail
Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf ex DC – American Burnweed (Fireweed)
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. – Eastern or Annual Daisy Fleabane
Erigeron canadensis - see Conyza canadensis – Canadian Horseweed
Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia Fleabane (Common Fleabane)
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. – Lesser Daisy Fleabane (Prairie Fleabane)
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. – Button Eryngio (Rattlesnake-master)
Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC - Western Wallflower (Prairie Rocket Wallflower) [Historical - not extant]
Erythronium albidum Nutt. – White Troutlily (White Fawn Lily)
Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. – Yellow Troutlily (Dogtooth Violet)
Erythronium propullans A. Gray – Minnesota Dwarf Troutlily
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. – Eastern Wahoo
Euonymus obovata Nutt. – Running Strawberry Bush
Eupatorium maculatum -See Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Spotted Joe-Pye Weed
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. – Boneset
Eupatorium purpureum L. - See -Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed
Eupatorium rugosum see Ageratina altissima L. – White Snakeroot
Euphorbia corollata L. – Flowering Spurge
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray – Wild Poinsettia
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. – Leafy Spurge
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. – Grass-leaved Goldenrod
Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Spotted Joe-Pye Weed
Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Sweet-scented Joe-Pye Weed
Eurybia divaricata (L.) G. L. Nesom – White Wood Aster
Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. – Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster)
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. – American Beech
Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub. – Fringed Black Bindweed
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve – Black Bindweed [Not in the Garden]
Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene var. japonica – Japanese Knotweed
Filipendula rubra (Hill) – Queen of the Prairie
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. – Queen of the Meadow
Fragaria vesca L. – Woodland Strawberry
Fragaria virginiana Mill. – Common Strawberry (Virginia Strawberry)
Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.] – Glossy Buckthorn
Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash [Historical - not extant]
Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall – Green Ash
Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt – Galax (Beetleweed)
Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. – Shaggy Soldier [Historical - not extant]
Galium aparine L. – Cleavers (Stickywilly)
Galium asprellum Michx. – Rough Bedstraw
Galium boreale L. – Northern Bedstraw
Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray – Shining Bedstraw
Galium trifidum L. – Threepetal Bedstraw
Galium triflorum Michx. – Fragrant Bedstraw (Sweet-scented Bedstraw)
Gaultheria procumbens L. – Wintergreen (Eastern Teaberry)
Gaura biennis L. – Biennial Gaura
Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt – Plain Gentian, (Cream, Yellow, Pale Gentian)
Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. – Bottle Gentian (Closed Gentian)
Gentiana flavida A.Gray – Plain Gentian, (Cream, Yellow, Pale Gentian)
Gentiana puberulenta J. S. Pringle – Downy Gentian
Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small - Stiff Gentian (Agueweed) [Historical - not extant.]
Geranium maculatum L. – Wild Geranium (Spotted Geranium)
Geum aleppicum Jacq. – Yellow Avens
Geum canadense Jacq. – White Avens
Geum triflorum Pursh – Prairie Smoke (Old Man's Whiskers)
Glechoma hederacea L. – Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy)
Glyceria grandis S. Watson – American Mannagrass
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. – Fowl Mannagrass
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal – Curlycup Gumweed - [Historical, not extant]
Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch – Kentucky Coffeetree
Habenaria hyperborea - see - Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak – Northern Green Orchid [Historical, not extant]
Habenaria psychodes - see Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. – Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid [Historical, not extant]
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst. – Virginia Stickseed (Beggar's Lice)
Hamamelis virginiana L. – Witch Hazel
Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook – Long-leaved Bluet [Historical, not extant]
Helenium autumnale L. – Sneezeweed
Helianthus giganteus L. – Giant Sunflower (Tall Sunflower)
Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. - Maximilian Sunflower [Historical, not extant]
Helianthus hirsutus Raf. – Stiff-haired Sunflower (Hairy Sunflower)
Helianthus occidentalis Riddell subsp. occidentalis– Western Sunflower [Historical, not extant]
Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. – Stiff Sunflower
Helianthus strumosus L. – Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower
Helianthus tuberosus L. – Jerusalem Artichoke
Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. – Blue Oatgrass
Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet var. scraba – Smooth Oxeye (Yellow Oxeye)
Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. – Yellow Day Lily
Hemerocallis fulva L. – Orange Day Lily
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. see - Anemone acutiloba – Sharp-lobed Hepatica
Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. see - Anemone americana – Round-lobed Hepatica
Heracleum maximum Bartram – Cow Parsnip
Hesperis matronalis L. – Dame's Rocket (Sweet Rocket) (Dame's Violet)
Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth – Porcupine Grass
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners – Hairy Golden-aster [Historical, not extant]
Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticalis – American Alumroot
Heuchera richardsonii R.Br. – Richardson's Alumroot
Hieracium aurantiacum L. – Orange Hawkweed
Hieracium umbellatum L. – Rough Hawkweed (Narrow-leaf or Canada Hawkweed)
Hydrastis canadensis L. – Goldenseal
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. – Virginia Waterleaf (Eastern Waterleaf)
Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. – Live Forever (Witch's Moneybags)
Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton – Great St. Johnswort
Hypericum perforatum L. – Common St. Johnswort
Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray – Winterberry (Black Alder)
Impatiens capensis Meerb. (I. biflora) – Spotted Touch-me-not (Jewelweed)
Impatiens pallida Nutt. – Pale Touch-me-not (Pale Jewelweed)
Inula helenium L. – Elecampane - [Historical, not extant]
Iris cristata Aiton – Dwarf Crested Iris [Historical - not extant]
Iris pseudacorus L. – Yellow Flag Iris (Pale Yellow Iris)
Iris versicolor L. – Blue Flag Iris
Isopyrum biternatum - see Enemion biternatum Raf. – False Rue Anemone
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. – Twinleaf
Juglans cinerea L. – Butternut
Juglans nigra L. – Black Walnut
Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana L. – Eastern Redcedar
Kalmia latifolia L. – Mountain Laurel
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald – Tall Blue Lettuce [not in the Garden]
Lactuca canadensis L. – Wild Lettuce
Lactuca serriola L. – Prickly Lettuce
Lamium amplexicaule L. - Henbit Deadnettle [Historical - not extant]
Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell – Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle)
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch – Tamarack (Larch)
Lathyrus latifolius L. – Everlasting Pea - [Not in the Garden]
Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. – Cream Pea
Lathyrus palustris L. – Marsh Pea [Historical - not extant]
Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd. – Veiny Pea, (Wild Pea), (Veiny Vetchling)
Ledum groenlandicum see -Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd – Labrador Tea [Historic - not extant]
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. – Rice Cutgrass
Leersia virginica Willd. – Whitegrass (White Cutgrass)
Lemna minor L. – Lesser Duckweed
Leonurus cardiaca L. – Motherwort
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. – Green-flowered Peppergrass
Lespedeza capitata Michx. – Round-headed Bushclover
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam – Oxeye Daisy
Liatris aspera Michx. – Rough Blazing Star
Liatris cylindracea Michx. – Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star)
Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum. – Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star)
Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd. – Shaggy Blazing Star
Liatris punctata Hook. – Dotted Blazing Star. [Historical - not extant]
Liatris pycnostachya Michx. – Prairie Blazing Star
Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell – Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star)
Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. – Dense Blazing Star
Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. – Scaly Blazing Star [Historical - not extant]
Lilium canadense L. – Canada Lily (Meadow Lily) (Wild Yellow Lily)
Lilium michiganense L. – Michigan Lily
Lilium philadelphicum L. – Wood Lily
Lilium superbum L. – Turk's-cap Lily
Linaria vulgaris Mill. – Butter and Eggs
Lobelia cardinalis L. – Cardinal Flower
Lobelia siphilitica L. – Great Blue Lobelia (Blue Cardinal Flower)
Lobelia spicata Lam. - Pale-spike Lobelia [Historical - not extant]
Lonicera dioica L. – Climbing Honeysuckle (Limber Honeysuckle)
Lonicera tatarica L. – Tatarian Honeysuckle
Lotus corniculatus L. – Bird's-foot Trefoil - [Not in the Garden]
Lupinus perennis L. – Wild Lupine
Lychnis alba - see Silene latifolia Poir. – White Campion
Lychnis chalcedonica L. – Maltese Cross (Scarlet Lychnis). [Historical - not extant]
Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton – American Water Horehound
Lycopus uniflorus Michx. – Northern Bugleweed
Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U. Manns & Anderb. – Starflower [Historical - not extant]
Lysimachia ciliata L. – Fringed Loosestrife
Lysimachia nummularia L. – Moneywort (Creeping Jenny)
Lysimachia quadriflora Sims – Prairie Loosestrife [Historical - not extant]
Lysimachia quadrifolia L. – Whorled Loosestrife
Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P. – Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife)
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. – Tufted Loosestrife (Swamp Loosestrife)
Lysimachia vulgaris L. – Garden Loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria L. – Purple Loosestrife
Maianthemum canadense Desf. – Canadian Mayflower (False Lily-of-the-Valley) [Historical Garden Plant - not extant]
Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link – False Solomon's seal (Feathery False Lily of the Valley)
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link – Starry False Solomon's Seal
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V.Morton – Ostrich Fern
Medicago lupulina L. – Black Medick
Medicago sativa L. - Alfalfa [Historical - not extant]
Melilotus alba Medikus – White Sweet Clover
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. – Yellow Sweet Clover
Menispermum canadense L. – Canada Moonseed (Common Moonseed)
Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers ex Link – Virginia Bluebells
Mentha x piperita L. (Pro sp.) [aquatica-spicata] – Peppermint
Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis – Wild Mint
Menyanthes trifoliata L. – Buckbean (Bog-bean) [Historical - not extant]
Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. – Eastern Swamp Saxifrage
Mimulus ringens L. var. ringens - Monkey Flower
Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. – Heartleaf Four O'clock (Wild Four O'clock)
Mitchella repens L. – Partridge Berry
Mitella diphylla L. – Twoleaf Miterwort (Bishop's Cap)
Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl – Blunt-leaved Sandwort
Monarda fistulosa L. – Wild Bergamot
Monarda media Willd. – Purple Bergamot
Monarda punctata L. – Spotted Bee-balm (Horsemint). [Historical Garden Plant - not extant]
Monotropa uniflora L. – Indian Pipe [Historical Garden Plant - not extant.]
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. – Mexican Muhly (Satin Gras)
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Marsh Grass (Green Muhly)
Myosotis scorpioides L. – True Forget-me-not
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. – Sweet cicely [Not in the Garden]
Napaea dioica L. – Glade Mallow
Nepeta cataria L. – Catnip - [Historical, not extant]
Oenothera biennis L. – Common Evening Primrose
Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch - see Gaura biennis L. – Biennial Gaura
Oenothera pilosella Raf. – Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose)
Oligoneuron riddellii - see Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell – Riddell's Goldenrod
Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum -see Solidago rigida L. – Stiff Goldenrod
Onoclea sensibilis L. – Sensitive Fern
Onoclea struthiopteris - see Matteuccia struthiopteris - Ostrich Fern
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B.Clarke – Bland Sweet Cicely
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. – Aniseroot (Smooth Sweet Cicely)
Osmunda cinnamomea L. – Cinnamon Fern
Osmunda claytoniana L. – Interrupted Fern
Osmunda regalis (L.) var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray – Royal Fern [Historical - not extant]
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl - see Osmunda cinnamomea – Cinnamon Fern
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) k Koch – Hophornbeam (Ironwood)
Oxalis stricta L. – Common Yellow Oxalis (Yellow Woodsorrel)
Packera aurea (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve – Golden Ragwort
Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A.Weber & A.Löve – Prairie Ragwort
Panicum virgatum L. – Switch Grass
Parnassia glauca Raf. – Fen Grass of Parnassas
Parthenium integrifolium L. – Wild Quinine (American Feverfew)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. – Virginia Creeper
Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. – Grape Woodbine
Paspalum setaceum Michx. – Paspalum (Hairy Bead Grass)
Pastinaca sativa L. - Wild Parsnip - [Historical - not extant.]
Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes – Silvery Scurf Pea
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims – Foxglove Beardtongue (Talus Slope Penstemon)
Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. – Showy Beardtongue (Large Beardtongue)
Penstemon pallidus Small – Pale Beardtongue - [Not in the Garden]
Penthorum sedoides L. – Ditch Stonecrop [Historical - not extant]
Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray- Water Smartweed - [Historical - not extant ]
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray - Pale Smartweed. [Historical - not extant]
Persicaria maculosa Gray – Spotted Lady's-thumb - [Historical - not extant]
Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small – Dotted Smartweed
Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross – Arrow-leaved Tearthumb
Petalostemon candidum- see Dalea candida – White Prairie Clover
Petalostemon purpureum - see Dalea purpurea – Purple Prairie Clover
Phalaris arundinacea L. – Reed Canary Grass
Philadelphus sp. – Mock Orange
Phleum pratense L. – Timothy
Phlox divaricata L. – Wild Blue Phlox
Phlox maculata L. – Wild Sweet William -[Historical, not extant]
Phlox paniculata L. – Garden Phlox
Phlox pilosa L. – Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox)
Photinia melanocarpa - see Aronia melanocarpa Michx. – Black Chokeberry
Photinia pyrifolia Lam.- see Aronia arbutifolia – Red Chokeberry
Phryma leptostachya L. – Lopseed (American Lopseed)
Physalis heterophylla Nees – Clammy Ground Cherry
Physalis longifolia Nutt. - – Long-leaf Ground Cherry [Not in the Garden]
Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. – Ninebark (Common Ninebark)
Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. – Obedient Plant (False Dragonhead)
Picea abies (L.) Karst. – Norway Spruce
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss – White Spruce
Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. – Black Spruce
Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray – Canadian Clearweed
Pinus banksiana Lamb. – Jack Pine [Historical, not extant]
Pinus resinosa Aiton. – Red Pine (Norway Pine)
Pinus strobus L. – Eastern White Pine
Pinus sylvestris L. - Scot's Pine
Plantago major L. – Common Plantain
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak – Northern Green Orchid ([Historical, not extant]
Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. – Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid [Historical, not extant]
Poa compressa L. – Canada Bluegrass
Poa pratensis L. – Kentucky Bluegrass
Podophyllum peltatum L. – Mayapple
Polemonium occidentale Green ssp lacustre Wherry – Western Jacob's Ladder [not in the Garden].
Polemonium reptans L. – Spreading Jacob's-ladder (Greek Valerian)
Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot – Great Solomon's Seal (Smooth Solomon's Seal)
Polygonum amphibium L. - see Persicaria amphibia – Water Smartweed
Polygonum cilinode Michx. – see Fallopia cilinodis - Fringed Black Bindweed
Polygonum convolvulus see - Fallopia convolvulus – Black Bindweed
Polygonum cuspidatum - see Fallopia japonica – Japanese Knotweed
Polygonum persicaria see - Persicaria maculosa – Spotted Lady's-thumb
Polygonum punctatum see - Persicaria punctata – Dotted Smartweed
Polygonum sagittatum see- Persicaria sagittata – Arrow-leaved Tearthumb
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott – Christmas Fern
Populus alba L. - White Poplar [Not in the Garden]
Populus balsamifera L. subsp. balsamifera – Balm of Gilead (Balsam Poplar)
Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall, subsp. monilifera – Plains Cottonwood
Populus grandidentata Michx. – Bigtooth Aspen
Populus tremuloides Michx. – Quaking Aspen
Potentilla argentea L. – Silver Cinquefoil
Potentilla arguta - see Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg. – Prairie Cinquefoil - [Historical, not extant]
Potentilla norvegica L. - [Historical, not extant] – Rough Cinquefoil
Potentilla recta L. – Rough Fruited Cinquefoil
Potentilla simplex Michx. – Common Cinquefoil
Prenanthes alba L. – White Rattlesnake Root
Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. lanceolata. – Heal-all (Self Heal)
Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris – Lawn Prunella [Not in the Garden]
Prunus americana Marsh. – Wild Plum (American Plum)
Prunus pensylvanica L.f. – Pin Cherry
Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi (L.H. Bailey) Gleason – Western Sand Cherry - [Historical, not extant]
Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina – Black Cherry - tree
Prunus virginiana L. var. virginiana – Chokecherry
Ptelea trifoliata L. – Hoptree
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum – Bracken Fern
Pulsatilla nuttalliana (DC.) Spreng. – Pasque Flower - [Historical, not extant]
Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D.Jackson ex B.L. Robins & Fernald. – Virginia Mountain Mint
Quercus alba L. – White Oak
Quercus bicolor Willd. – Swamp White Oak
Quercus coccinea Münchh. – Scarlet Oak
Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill – Northern Pin Oak
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. – Bur Oak
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. – Chinkapin Oak [Historical - not extant]
Quercus palustris Münchh. – Pin Oak [Historical - not extant]
Quercus rubra L. – Northern Red Oak
Quercus velutina Lam. – Black Oak
Ranunculus abortivus L. – Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup)
Ranunculus acris L. – Tall Buttercup
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus – Swamp Buttercup (Hispid Buttercup, Rough Buttercup)
Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f. – Bristly Buttercup (Bristly Crowfoot, Pennsylvania Buttercup) - [Not in the Garden]
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. – Hooked Crowfoot (Blisterwort)
Ranunculus sceleratus L. – Cursed Crowfoot - [Not in the Garden]
Ranunculus septentrionalis - see R. hispidus
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. – Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower)
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart – Gray-headed Coneflower
Rhamnus cathartica L. – Common Buckthorn
Rhamnus frangula L. (Frangula alnus Mill.) – Glossy Buckthorn
Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr. – Flame Azalea
Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd – Labrador Tea [Historic - not extant]
Rhus aromatica Aiton – Fragrant Sumac
Rhus glabra L. – Smooth Sumac
Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth [Rhus typhina L. ] – Staghorn Sumac
Ribes americanum Mill. – American Black Currant (Wild Black Currant)
Ribes cynosbati L. – Eastern Prickly Gooseberry
Ribes missouriense Nutt. – Missouri Gooseberry
Ribes rubrum L. – Garden Currant
Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Black Locust
Rosa acicularlis Lindl. – Prickly Rose
Rosa arkansana Porter – Prairie Rose (Arkansas Rose)
Rosa blanda Aiton – Smooth Rose
Rosa carolina L. – Carolina Rose (Pasture Rose)
Rosa palustris Marshall – Swamp Rose [not in Garden]
Rosa setigera Michx. – Climbing Rose (Illinois Rose)
Rosa woodsii Lindl. – Woods' Rose
Rubus allegheniensis Porter – Allegheny Blackberry
Rubus flagellaris Willd. – Dewberry (Northern Dewberry)
Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Focke – Wild Red Raspberry
Rubus occidentalis L. – Black Raspberry
Rubus odoratus L. – Purple Flowering Raspberry - [Historical, not extant]
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. – Thimbleberry (Flowering Raspberry)
Rubus pubescens Raf. – Dwarf Red Blackberry
Rubus setosus Big. (Rubus semisetosus Blanch.) – Bristly or Swamp Blackberry
Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton – Orange Coneflower - [Not in the Garden]
Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Green-headed Coneflower
Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh – Sweet Black-eyed Susan - [Historical - not extant]
Rudbeckia triloba L. – Thin-leaved Coneflower (Brown-eyed Susan)
Ruellia humilis Nutt. – Fringeleaf Wild Petunia
Rumex crispus L. – Curly Dock
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. – Broadleaf Arrowhead
Salix discolor Muhl. – Pussy Willow
Salix nigra Marshall – Black Willow - [Historical, not extant]
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli – Canada Elderberry (American Black Elderberry)
Sambucus racemosa L. – Red Elderberry ( Red-berried Elder)
Sanguinaria canadensis L. – Bloodroot
Saponaria officinalis L. – Bouncing Bet (Soapwort)
Sarracenia purpurea L. – Purple Pitcher Plant [Historical - not extant]
Saxifraga pensylvanica L. see -Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. – Eastern Swamp Saxifrage
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium – Little Bluestem
Scilla siberica Haw. – Blue Squill (Siberian Squill)
Scirpus atrovirens Willd. – Dark Green Bulrush
Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. – Lanceleaf Figwort
Sedum telephium - see Hylotelephium telephium L. – Live Forever
Senecio aureus see Packera aurea L. – Golden Ragwort
Senna hebecarpa (Fernald) Irwin & Barneby – Wild Senna
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. pumila – Yellow Foxtail
Shepherdia Argentea (Pursh) Nutt. – Silver Buffaloberry - [Historical, not extant]
Sicyos angulatus L. – Bur Cucumber [Not in the Garden]
Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L.Krause – Maltese Cross (Scarlet Lychnis) [Historical, not extant]
Silene latifolia Poir. – White Campion - [Historical, not extant]
Silene noctiflora L. – Night-flowering Catchfly - [Historical, not extant]
Silene regia Sims – Royal Catchfly
Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton – Starry Campion (Widow's Frill)
Silphium integrifolium Michx. – Wholeleaf Rosinweed (Rosin-weed)
Silphium laciniatum L. – Compass Plant
Silphium perfoliatum L. – Cup Plant
Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed)
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. – Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass
Smilacina racemosa see Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. racemosum – False Solomon's-seal
Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson – Upright Carrion Flower (Erect Carrion Flower)
Smilax lasioneura L. – Common Carrion Flower (BlueRidge Carrion Flower)
Solanum dulcamara L. – Climbing Nightshade (Bittersweet Nightshade)
Solanum nigrum -see - Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal. – Black Nightshade
Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal. - West Indian Black Nightshade
Solidago altissima L. – Late (Tall) Goldenrod
Solidago canadensis (L.) var. scabra Torr. & Gray - see Solidago altissima – Canada Goldenrod
Solidago flexicaulis L. – Zigzag Goldenrod
Solidago gigantea Aiton – Giant Goldenrod
Solidago graminifolia L. see Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. graminifolia – Grass-leaved Goldenrod
Solidago nemoralis Aiton. – Gray Goldenrod (Old Field Goldenrod)
Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell – Riddell's Goldenrod
Solidago rigida L. [Oligoneuron rigidum L.] – Stiff Goldenrod
Solidago speciosa Nutt. – Showy Goldenrod
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. – Elm-leaved Goldenrod
Sonchus arvensis L. – Field Sow Thistle - [Historical, not extant]
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill – Spiny Sow Thistle [Historical, not extant]
Sorbus americana Marshall – American Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia L. – European Mountain Ash - [Not in Garden]
Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid. – Showy Mountain Ash
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash – Indiangrass
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. – Broadleaf Burweed
Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link. – Prairie Cordgrass
Spiraea alba DuRoi. – Meadowsweet (Narrowleaf Meadowsweet)
Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray – Prairie Dropseed
Stachys palustris L. – Marsh Hedgenettle - [Historical, not extant]
Staphylea trifolia L. – American Bladdernut
Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. – Long-leaved Chickweed (Long-leaved Stichwort)
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - Common Chickweed - [Historical - not extant]
Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott – Amberique Bean (Trailing Wild Bean)
Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. – Wood Poppy
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake – Snowberry
Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. – Wolfberry
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench – Coralberry
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom – Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)
Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve – Smooth Blue Aster
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom – White Panicle Aster
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love – Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster)
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom – New England Aster
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom – Aromatic Aster - [Historical, not extant]
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom – Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster)
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom – Ontario Aster
Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum – Red-stemmed Aster & Purplestem Aster
Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom – Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)
Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom. – Short's Aster
Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom – White Arrowleaf Aster
Symphytum officinale L. – Comfrey [Historical - not extant]
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton – Skunk Cabbage
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. – Feverfew - [Not in the Garden]
Tanacetum vulgare L. - not extant – Tansy
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. – Dandelion
Taxus canadensis Marshall – American Yew
Teucrium canadense L. – Canada Germander (American Germander, Wood Sage)
Thalictrum dioicum L. – Early Meadow Rue
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall. – Tall Meadow Rue (Purple Meadow Rue)
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & B. Boivin – Rue Anemone
Thalictrum venulosum Trel. - Veiny Meadow Rue
Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald - Marsh Fern [Historical - not extant]
Thlaspi arvense L. – Field Pennycress - [Not in the Garden]
Thuja occidentalis L. – Northern White Cedar
Tiarella cordifolia L. – Foamflower (Heartleaf Foamflower)
Tilia americana L. – American Basswood
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. – Japanese Hedge Parsley - [Not in the Garden]
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene – Western Poison Ivy
Tradescantia bracteata Small – Spiderwort (Bracted Spiderwort)
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. – Bluejacket (Ohio Spiderwort)
Tragopogon dubius Scop. – Yellow Salsify
Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy] – Meadow Goatsbeard (Yellow Goatsbeard)
Trifolium pratense L. – Red Clover
Trifolium repens L. – White Clover
Triglochin palustris L. – Marsh Arrowgrass
Trillium cernuum L. – Nodding Trillium
Trillium cuneatum Raf. – Sweet Betsy
Trillium erectum L. – Purple Trillium
Trillium flexipes Raf. – Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin, Declining Trillium)
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb. – Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium)
Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison – Yellow Trillium (Yellow Wakerobin)
Trillium nivale Riddell – Snow Trillium
Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck – Prairie Trillium
Trillium sessile L. – Toadshade (Sessile Trillium)
Triosteum perfoliatum L. – Horse Gentian (Late Horse Gentian)
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière – Eastern Hemlock
Typha angustifolia L. – Narrow-leaved Cattail
Typha latifolia L. – Common Cattail
Ulmus americana L. – American Elm
Ulmus pumila L. – Siberian Elm [Not in the Garden]
Ulmus rubra Muhl. – Slippery Elm (Red Elm)
Ulmus thomasii Sarg. - Rock Elm (Cork Elm) [Historical - not extant]
Urtica dioica L. subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander – Stinging Nettle (California Nettle)
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. – Large-flowered Bellwort
Uvularia sessilifolia L. – Wild Oats (Sissileleaf Bellwort)
Valeriana officinalis L. – Garden Valerian
Verbascum thapsus L. – Common Mullein
Verbena hastata L. – Blue Vervain (Swamp Vervain)
Verbena stricta L. – Hoary Vervain
Verbena urticifolia L. – White Vervain
Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney – Wingstem - [Not in the Garden]
Vernonia fasciculata Michx. – Ironweed (Prairie Ironweed)
Veronica serpyllifolia L. – Thyme-leaf Speedwell [Historical, not extant]
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. – Culver's Root
Viburnum dentatum L. – Southern Arrowwood
Viburnum lantana L. – Wayfaring-tree - [Not in the Garden]
Viburnum lentago L. – Nannyberry
Viburnum opulus L. var . americanum Aiton. – Highbush Cranberry (American Cranberrybush)
Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus – European Cranberrybush
Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. – Downy Arrowwood [Not in the Garden]
Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. – American Vetch
Vicia villosa Roth – Hairy Vetch - [Not in the Garden]
Vinca minor L. – Common Periwinkle (Running Myrtle)
Viola canadensis L. – Canada Violet (Canadian White Violet)
Viola cucullata Aiton – Marsh Blue Violet [Historical - not extant]
Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd – Macloskey's Violet (Small White Violet) [Historical - not extant]
Viola pedata L. – Bird's-foot Violet [Historical, not extant].]
Viola pedatifida G. Don – Prairie Birdsfoot Violet
Viola pubescens Aiton – Downy Yellow Violet
Viola sororia Willd. (Viola papilionacea) – Common Blue Violet, (Woolly Blue Violet)
Vitis riparia Michx. – Riverbank Grape
Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. – Prickly-ash
Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch – Golden Alexanders (Golden Zizia)
For References used on the plant pages see: Reference List -
The complete Vascular Plant Census -2009, created by the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. Download as a pdf file (2.4 mb) -
Garden Plant Photo Identification Booklet
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