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Abies balsamea (L.) Balsam Fir

Acer ginnala Maxim. – Amur Maple - not in Garden

Acer negundo L. – Box Elder

Acer nigrum F.Michx. (Acer saccharum nigrum) – Black Sugar Maple

Acer pensylvanicum L. – Striped Maple

Acer platanoides L. – Norway Maple

Acer rubrum L. – Red Maple

Acer saccharinum L. – Silver Maple

Acer saccharum Marshall – Sugar Maple

Acer spicatum Lam. – Mountain Maple

Achillea millefolium L. – Yarrow

Aconitum napellus L. – Monkshood [No longer extant]

Acorus americanus Raf. – Sweet Flag - [Historical, not extant]

Acorus calamus L. - See Acorus americanus

Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa - see Cimicifuga racemosa L. – Black Bugbane

Actaea pachypoda Elliot – White Baneberry

Actaea rubra Willd. – Red Baneberry - red berry form

Actaea rubraWilld. – Red Baneberry - white berry form

Adiantum pedatum L. – Northern Maidenhair Fern

Aesculus glabra Willd. – Ohio Buckeye (American Horse-chestnut)

Aethusa cynapium L. – Fool's Parsley - [Not in the Garden]

Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze – Blue Giant Hyssop (Giant Hyssop, Anise or Fragrant Giant Hyssop)

Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze. – Purple Giant Hyssop

Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze – Yellow Giant Hyssop

Ageratina altissima L. – White Snakeroot

Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. – Agrimony (Soft Agrimony)

Agrimonia striata Michx. – Roadside Agrimony - not in the Garden

Agrostis gigantea Roth – Redtop Grass

Ajuga reptans L. – Common Bugle [Not in the Garden]

Alisma triviale Pursh [Alisma plantago-aquatica L.] – Northern Water Plantain

Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande – Garlic Mustard

Allium canadense L. – Wild Garlic

Allium cernuum Roth. – Nodding Wild Onion

Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl. – Wild Onion (Autumn Onion)

Allium tricoccum Sol. – Wild Leek (Ramp)

Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R. T. Clausen – Speckled Alder

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – Ragweed - Common

Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida [Historical - not extant] – Giant Ragweed

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Roemer – Saskatoon Service-berry

Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald – Downy Serviceberry (Downy Juneberry)

Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. – Shadblow Serviceberry [Historical, not extant]

Amelanchier laevis Wiegand – Allegheny Serviceberry

Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K.Koch – Running Serviceberry (Creeping Juneberry)

Amorpha canescens Pursh – Leadplant

Amorpha nana Nutt. – Fragrant False Indigo [Historical, not extant]

Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald. – Hog Peanut

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. – Eastern Bluestar (Willow Amsonia)

Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. – Pearly Everlasting [Historical, not extant]

Andropogon gerardii Vitman – Big Bluestem

Anemone acutiloba (DC) G.Lawson – Sharp-lobed Hepatica

Anemone americana (DC) H.Hara – Round-lobed Hepatica

Anemone canadensis L. – Canada Anemone

Anemone cylindrica A.Gray – Thimbleweed

Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritz. – Pasque Flower [Historical, not extant]

Anemone quinquefolia L. – Wood Anemone

Anemone virginiana L. – Tall Thimbleweed

Anemonella thalictroides - see Thalictrum thalictroides L. – Rue-anemone

Antennaria neglecta Greene – Field Pussytoes

Anthemis cotula L. - Dog Fennel [No longer extant.]

Apios americana Medik. – Groundnut (Wild Bean)

Apocynum androsaemifolium L. – Spreading Dogbane (Common Dogbane)

Apocynum cannabinum L. – Indianhemp (American Dogbane))

Aquilegia canadensis L. – Wild Columbine (Red Columbine)

Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) see - Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz – Smooth Rockcress

Aralia nudicaulis L. – Wild Sarsaparilla

Aralia racemosa L. ssp. racemosa – American Spikenard

Arctium minus Bernh. – Lesser (Common) Burdock

Arctium lappa L. – Great Burdock

Arenaria lateriflora see - Moehringia lateriflora (L.) – Blunt-leaf Sandwort

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott – Jack-in-the-pulpit

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Rob. – Pale Indian Plantain

Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. Rob. – Great Indian Plantain

Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. – Red Chokeberry

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott – Black Chokeberry

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. ludoviciana – White Sage (Prairie Sage, Western Mugwort)

Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald. - Bride's-feathers (Goat's Beard) [Historical - not extant]

Asarum canadense L. – Canadian Wild Ginger

Asclepias exaltata L. – Poke Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata L. – Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias syriaca L. – Common Milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa L. – Butterfly Milkweed

Asclepias verticillata L. – Whorled Milkweed

Asparagus officinalis L. – Asparagus

Aster azureus see Symphyotrichum oolentangiense – Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster)

Aster cordifolius -see- Symphyotrichum cordifolium L. – Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)

Aster divaricatus see- Eurybia divaricata – White Wood Aster

Aster ericoides see -Symphyotrichum ericoides L. – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)

Aster laevis see - Symphyotrichum laeve L. – Smooth Blue Aster

Aster lateriflorus see Symphyotrichum lateriflorum L. – Side Flowering Aster (Calico Aster)

Aster macrophyllus -see- Eurybia macrophylla L. – Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster)

Aster multiflorus -see- Symphyotrichum ericoides L. – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)

Aster novae-angliae see - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae L. – New England Aster

Aster oblongifolius -see- Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) – Aromatic Aster - [Historical, not extant]

Aster ontarionis -see- Symphyotrichum ontarionis – – Ontario Aster

Aster paniculatus -see- Symphyotrichum lanceolatum – White Panicle Aster

Aster puniceus see - Symphyotrichum puniceum L. – Redstemmed Aster (Purplestem Aster)

Aster sagittifolius see Symphyotrichum urophyllum – White Arrowleaf Aster (Arrow leaved Aster)

Aster sericeus -see- Symphyotrichum sericeum – – Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)

Aster shortii -see- Symphyotrichum shortii. Short's Aster.

Aster simplex see - Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) – White Panicle Aster

Aster umbellatus see- Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) – Flat-topped Aster

Astragalus canadensis L. – Canadian Milk Vetch

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – Lady Fern

Athyrium thelypterioides - see Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato

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Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. – False Blue Indigo (Blue Wild Indigo)

Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla – White False Indigo (Wild White Indigo)

Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot – Plains Wild Indigo (Cream Wild Indigo)

B. lactea (Raf.) Thieret var lactea -see Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla – Large-leaved Wild Indigo

Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. – Horseflyweed (Small Yellow Wild Indigo) [historical, not extant]

Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. – Yellow Rocket - [Not in the Garden]

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. – Blackberry Lily

Berteroa incana (L.) DC. – Hoary Alyssum

Betula alleghaniensis Britton – Yellow Birch

Betula lenta L. – Sweet Birch [Historical - not extant]

Betula nigra L. – River Birch

Betula papyrifera Marshall – Paper Birch

Betula pumila L. – Bog Birch

Bidens cernua L. – Nodding Bur Marigold (Beggar-ticks)

Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. – Swamp Beggartick (Purple-stem Beggartick)

Bidens frondosa L. – Devil's Beggartick

Blephilia cilata (L.) Benth. – Downy Wood Mint

Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. – Hairy Wood Mint (Hoary Wood Mint)

Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz – Smooth Rockcress

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. – Sideoats Grama (grass)

Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – Blue Grama [Historical, not extant]

Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch – Black Mustard - [Historical - not extant]

Bromus inermis Leyss. – Smooth Brome (grass)

Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. – Earlyleaf Brome (grass)

Bromus pubescens L. – Hairy Woodland Brome (grass)

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Cacalia atriplicifolia & Cacalia muhlenbergii -see: Arnoglossum reniforme – Pale & Great Indian Plantain

Calla palustris L. – Wild Calla (Water Arum)

Callirhoe bushii Fernald – Bush's Poppy-mallow [Not in the Garden]

Caltha palustris L. – Marsh Marigold (Cowslip, Yellow Marsh Marigold)

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. – Hedge Bindweed

Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory - Wild White Hyacinth

Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small – Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)

Campanula americana - see Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small – Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower)

Campanula aparinoides Pursh – Marsh Bellflower - [Historic, not extant]

Campanula cervicaria L. – Bristly Bellflower (Bristly Bluebells)

Campanula rapunculoides L. – European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower)

Campanula rotundifolia L. – Harebell

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – Shepherd's Purse [Historical, not extant]

Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz – Cut-leaved Toothwort

Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph. Wood – Two-leaved Toothwort (Crinkleroot)

Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. – Pennsylvania Bitter-cress)

Carex alopecoidea Tuck. – Foxtail Sedge

Carex blanda Dewey – Eastern Wood Sedge

Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell – Shortbeak Sedge

Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. – Oval-leaf Sedge (Woodbank Sedge)

Carex comosa Boott – Bristly Sedge

Carex conjuncta Boott - Soft Fox Sedge [Not in the Garden]

Carex cristatella Britton – Crested Sedge (Oval Crested Sedge.

Carex gracillima Schwein. – Graceful Sedge

Carex grayi J. Carey – Gray's Sedge [Not in the Garden]

Carex grisea Wahlenb. – Narrow-leaf Sedge (Gray Sedge)

Carex hirtifolia Mack. – Hairy Wood Sedge

Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. – Bottlebrush Sedge

Carex lacustris Willd. – Lake Sedge

Carex lupulina Willd. – Hop Sedge [Not in the Garden]

Carex muskingumensis Schwein. - Palm Sedge (Muskingum Sedge) [Not in the Garden]

Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. – Long-stalk Sedge

Carex pellita Willd. – Woolly Sedge

Carex pensylvanica Lam. – Pennsylvania Sedge (Yellow Sedge)

Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small – Eastern Star Sedge

Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. – Stellate Sedge (Rosy Sedge)

Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia – Broom Sedge (Lance-fruited Oval Sedge) [Not in the Garden]

Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. – Bur-reed Sedge

Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. – Sprengel's Sedge

Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata – Awl-fruit Sedge

Carex stricta Lam. – Upright Sedge

Carex tenera Dewey – Quill Sedge

Carex typhina Michx. – Cattail Sedge

Carex vulpinoidea Michx. - Fox Sedge [Not in the Garden]

Carpinus caroliniana Walter – Musclewood (Blue Beech)

Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch – Bitternut Hickory

Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch – Shagbark Hickory

Cassia fasciculata (see- Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.)) – Partridge Pea

Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. – American Chestnut [Not in the Garden]

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. – Blue Cohosh

Ceanothus americanus L. – New Jersey Tea

Celastrus scandens L. – Climbing Bittersweet (American Bittersweet)

Celtis occidentalis L. – Hackberry

Centaurea biebersteinii L. – Spotted Knapweed

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. – Buttonbush

Cerastium fontanum emend Jalas ssp. vulgare – Mouse-ear Chickweed

Cercis canadensis L. – Eastern Redbud

Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene – Partridge Pea

Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench - Leatherleaf [Historical - not extant]

Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub – Fireweed

Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates – Northern Sea Oats [Not in the Garden]

Chelone glabra L. – Turtlehead (White Turtlehead)

Chelone obliqua L. – Red Turtlehead

Chionanthus virginicus L. – Fringe Tree

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - see- Leucanthemum vulgare Lam – Oxeye Daisy

Cichorium intybus L. – Chicory

Cicuta bulbifera L. – Bulblet Water Hemlock - [Not in the Garden]

Cicuta maculata L. – Water Hemlock - [Historical, not extant]

Cimicifuga racemosa L. – Black Bugbane (Bugbane, Black Cohosh)

Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus – Enchanter's Nightshade (Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade)

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. – Canada Thistle

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. – Field Thistle

Cirsium muticum Michx. – Swamp Thistle

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. – Bull Thistle [Historical - not extant]

Cirsium - Comparison sheet - all MN Thistles –  

Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd – Yellowwood

Claytonia virginica L. – Virginia Spring Beauty

Clematis virginiana L. – Virgin's Bower

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. – Bastard Toadflax

Comarum palustre L. – Purple Marshlocks (Marsh Cinquefoil) [Historical - not extant]

Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult – Sweet Fern

Convallaria majalis L. var. magalis – European Lily-of-the-Valley

Convolvulus arvensis L. – Field Bindweed - [Historical, not extant]

Convolvulus sepium see - Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. angulata Brummitt – Hedge Bindweed (Wild Morning Glory)

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist – Canadian Horseweed (Canada Fleabane)

Coreopsis palmata Nutt. – Stiff Coreopsis (Bird's Foot Coreopsis)

Cornus alternifolia L. f. – Pagoda Dogwood (Alternate-leaf Dogwood)

Cornus canadensis L. - Bunchberry (Dwarf Cornel) [Historical - not extant]

Cornus obliqua Raf. – Pale Dogwood

Cornus racemosa Lam. – Gray Dogwood

Cornus sericea L. – Red osier Dogwood

Coronilla varia L. – Crown Vetch - [Not in the Garden]

Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. – Pale Corydalis (historical Garden plant - not extant)

Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. – Fumewort (Spring Fumewort)

Corylus americana Walter – American Hazelnut

Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta – Beaked Hazelnut - [Historical, not extant]

Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe – Hawthorn (Red Hawthorn)

Crataegus crus-galli L. – Cockspur Hawthorn

Crepis tectorum L. – Narrowleaf Hawksbeard

Cryptotaenia canadensis L. - Canadian Honewort [Historical - not extant]

Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult – Dodder - Common

Cyperus esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeckeler – Yellow Nutsedge

Cypripedium acaule Aiton – Stemless Lady's-slipper (Moccasin Flower) [Historical - not extant]

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin – Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater) [Historical, not extant]

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight – Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater)

Cypripedium reginae Walter – Showy Lady's-slipper

Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernhardi----Bulblet Fern

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – Brittle Bladder Fern [Historical - not extant]

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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd – White Prairie Clover

Dalea purpurea Vent. – Purple Prairie Clover

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. – Shrubby Conquefoil [Historical, not extant]

Datura stramonium L. - Jimsonweed - [Historical - not extant]

Daucus carota L. - Queen Anne's Lace [Historical - not extant]

Delphinium exaltatum Aiton – Tall Larkspur - not in Garden

Dentaria diphylla- see Cardamine diphylla – Two-leaved Toothwort

Dentaria laciniata see - Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) – Cut-leaved Toothwort

Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato – Silvery False Spleenwort

Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. – Showy Ticktrefoil (Canada Ticktrefoil)

Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) – Pointed-leaved Ticktrefoil

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. – Dutchman's Breeches

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann – Western Panicgrass

Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould – Panicgrass (Scribner's Panicgrass)

Diervilla lonicera Mill. – Northern Bush Honeysuckle

Digitalis lanata Ehrh. – Grecian Foxglove

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. – Crabgrass (Hairy Crabgrass)

Dioscorea villosa L. – Wild Yamroot

Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M.Broun – Glade Fern [Historical - not extant]

Dirca palustris L. – Eastern Leatherwood

Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia – Shooting Star (Pride of Ohio)

Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) var. pubens – Flat-topped Aster

Drosera rotundifolia L. - Roundleaf Sundew [Historical - not extant]

Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg. - Tall Drymocallis (Prairie Cinquefoil) [Historical, not extant]

Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs – Spinulose Wood Fern [Historical - not extant]

Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray – Crested Wood Fern [Historical - not extant]

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott – Male Fern

Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray – Goldie's Wood Fern

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray – Marginal Wood Fern

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Echinacea angustifolia DC. – Narrow-leaved Coneflower - [Historical, not extant]

Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. – Pale Purple Coneflower

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench – Eastern Purple Coneflower

Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray – Wild Cucumber (Historical - not extant)

Elymus canadensis L. – Canada Wild-rye

Elymus hystrix L. – Eastern Bottlebrush Grass

Elymus repens (L.) Gould – Quackgrass

Elymus sp. – Wild Rye

Enemion biternatum Raf. – False Rue Anemone (Eastern False Rue Anemone)

Epilobium angustifolium – see Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub. - Fireweed

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) - See Epilobium coloratum – Northern Willowherb (American Willowherb)

Epilobium coloratum Biehler – Willowherb

Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz – Helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine)

Equisetum arvense L. – Field Horsetail [Historical - not extant]

Equisetum fluviatile L. – Water Horsetail

Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf ex DC – American Burnweed (Fireweed)

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. – Eastern or Annual Daisy Fleabane

Erigeron canadensis - see Conyza canadensis – Canadian Horseweed

Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia Fleabane (Common Fleabane)

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. – Lesser Daisy Fleabane (Prairie Fleabane)

Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. – Button Eryngio (Rattlesnake-master)

Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC - Western Wallflower (Prairie Rocket Wallflower) [Historical - not extant]

Erythronium albidum Nutt. – White Troutlily (White Fawn Lily)

Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. – Yellow Troutlily (Dogtooth Violet)

Erythronium propullans A. Gray – Minnesota Dwarf Troutlily

Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. – Eastern Wahoo

Euonymus obovata Nutt. – Running Strawberry Bush

Eupatorium maculatum -See Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Spotted Joe-Pye Weed

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. – Boneset

Eupatorium purpureum L. - See -Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed

Eupatorium rugosum see Ageratina altissima L. – White Snakeroot

Euphorbia corollata L. – Flowering Spurge

Euphorbia cyathophora Murray – Wild Poinsettia

Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. – Leafy Spurge

Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. – Grass-leaved Goldenrod

Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Spotted Joe-Pye Weed

Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E.Lamont – Sweet-scented Joe-Pye Weed

Eurybia divaricata (L.) G. L. Nesom – White Wood Aster

Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. – Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster)

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Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. – American Beech

Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub. – Fringed Black Bindweed

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Löve – Black Bindweed [Not in the Garden]

Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene var. japonica – Japanese Knotweed

Filipendula rubra (Hill) – Queen of the Prairie

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. – Queen of the Meadow

Fragaria vesca L. – Woodland Strawberry

Fragaria virginiana Mill. – Common Strawberry (Virginia Strawberry)

Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.] – Glossy Buckthorn

Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash [Historical - not extant]

Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall – Green Ash

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Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt – Galax (Beetleweed)

Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. – Shaggy Soldier [Historical - not extant]

Galium aparine L. – Cleavers (Stickywilly)

Galium asprellum Michx. – Rough Bedstraw

Galium boreale L. – Northern Bedstraw

Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray – Shining Bedstraw

Galium trifidum L. – Threepetal Bedstraw

Galium triflorum Michx. – Fragrant Bedstraw (Sweet-scented Bedstraw)

Gaultheria procumbens L. – Wintergreen (Eastern Teaberry)

Gaura biennis L. – Biennial Gaura

Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt – Plain Gentian, (Cream, Yellow, Pale Gentian)

Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. – Bottle Gentian (Closed Gentian)

Gentiana flavida A.Gray – Plain Gentian, (Cream, Yellow, Pale Gentian)

Gentiana puberulenta J. S. Pringle – Downy Gentian

Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small - Stiff Gentian (Agueweed) [Historical - not extant.]

Geranium maculatum L. – Wild Geranium (Spotted Geranium)

Geum aleppicum Jacq. – Yellow Avens

Geum canadense Jacq. – White Avens

Geum triflorum Pursh – Prairie Smoke (Old Man's Whiskers)

Glechoma hederacea L. – Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy)

Glyceria grandis S. Watson – American Mannagrass

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. – Fowl Mannagrass

Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal – Curlycup Gumweed - [Historical, not extant]

Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch – Kentucky Coffeetree

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Habenaria hyperborea - see - Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak – Northern Green Orchid [Historical, not extant]

Habenaria psychodes - see Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. – Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid [Historical, not extant]

Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst. – Virginia Stickseed (Beggar's Lice)

Hamamelis virginiana L. – Witch Hazel

Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook – Long-leaved Bluet [Historical, not extant]

Helenium autumnale L. – Sneezeweed

Helianthus giganteus L. – Giant Sunflower (Tall Sunflower)

Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. - Maximilian Sunflower [Historical, not extant]

Helianthus hirsutus Raf. – Stiff-haired Sunflower (Hairy Sunflower)

Helianthus occidentalis Riddell subsp. occidentalis– Western Sunflower [Historical, not extant]

Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. – Stiff Sunflower

Helianthus strumosus L. – Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower

Helianthus tuberosus L. – Jerusalem Artichoke

Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. – Blue Oatgrass

Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet var. scraba – Smooth Oxeye (Yellow Oxeye)

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. – Yellow Day Lily

Hemerocallis fulva L. – Orange Day Lily

Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. see - Anemone acutiloba – Sharp-lobed Hepatica

Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. see - Anemone americana – Round-lobed Hepatica

Heracleum maximum Bartram – Cow Parsnip

Hesperis matronalis L. – Dame's Rocket (Sweet Rocket) (Dame's Violet)

Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth – Porcupine Grass

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners – Hairy Golden-aster [Historical, not extant]

Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticalis – American Alumroot

Heuchera richardsonii R.Br. – Richardson's Alumroot

Hieracium aurantiacum L. – Orange Hawkweed

Hieracium umbellatum L. – Rough Hawkweed (Narrow-leaf or Canada Hawkweed)

Hydrastis canadensis L. – Goldenseal

Hydrophyllum virginianum L. – Virginia Waterleaf (Eastern Waterleaf)

Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. – Live Forever (Witch's Moneybags)

Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton – Great St. Johnswort

Hypericum perforatum L. – Common St. Johnswort

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Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray – Winterberry (Black Alder)

Impatiens capensis Meerb. (I. biflora) – Spotted Touch-me-not (Jewelweed)

Impatiens pallida Nutt. – Pale Touch-me-not (Pale Jewelweed)

Inula helenium L. – Elecampane - [Historical, not extant]

Iris cristata Aiton – Dwarf Crested Iris [Historical - not extant]

Iris pseudacorus L. – Yellow Flag Iris (Pale Yellow Iris)

Iris versicolor L. – Blue Flag Iris

Isopyrum biternatum - see Enemion biternatum Raf. – False Rue Anemone

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Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. – Twinleaf

Juglans cinerea L. – Butternut

Juglans nigra L. – Black Walnut

Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana L. – Eastern Redcedar

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Kalmia latifolia L. – Mountain Laurel

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Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald – Tall Blue Lettuce [not in the Garden]

Lactuca canadensis L. – Wild Lettuce

Lactuca serriola L. – Prickly Lettuce

Lamium amplexicaule L. - Henbit Deadnettle [Historical - not extant]

Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell – Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle)

Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch – Tamarack (Larch)

Lathyrus latifolius L. – Everlasting Pea - [Not in the Garden]

Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. – Cream Pea

Lathyrus palustris L. – Marsh Pea [Historical - not extant]

Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd. – Veiny Pea, (Wild Pea), (Veiny Vetchling)

Ledum groenlandicum see -Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd – Labrador Tea [Historic - not extant]

Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. – Rice Cutgrass

Leersia virginica Willd. – Whitegrass (White Cutgrass)

Lemna minor L. – Lesser Duckweed

Leonurus cardiaca L. – Motherwort

Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. – Green-flowered Peppergrass

Lespedeza capitata Michx. – Round-headed Bushclover

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam – Oxeye Daisy

Liatris aspera Michx. – Rough Blazing Star

Liatris cylindracea Michx. – Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star)

Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum. – Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star)

Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd. – Shaggy Blazing Star

Liatris punctata Hook. – Dotted Blazing Star. [Historical - not extant]

Liatris pycnostachya Michx. – Prairie Blazing Star

Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell – Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star)

Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. – Dense Blazing Star

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. – Scaly Blazing Star [Historical - not extant]

Lilium canadense L. – Canada Lily (Meadow Lily) (Wild Yellow Lily)

Lilium michiganense L. – Michigan Lily

Lilium philadelphicum L. – Wood Lily

Lilium superbum L. – Turk's-cap Lily

Linaria vulgaris Mill. – Butter and Eggs

Lobelia cardinalis L. – Cardinal Flower

Lobelia siphilitica L. – Great Blue Lobelia (Blue Cardinal Flower)

Lobelia spicata Lam. - Pale-spike Lobelia [Historical - not extant]

Lonicera dioica L. – Climbing Honeysuckle (Limber Honeysuckle)

Lonicera tatarica L. – Tatarian Honeysuckle

Lotus corniculatus L. – Bird's-foot Trefoil - [Not in the Garden]

Lupinus perennis L. – Wild Lupine

Lychnis alba - see Silene latifolia Poir. – White Campion

Lychnis chalcedonica L. – Maltese Cross (Scarlet Lychnis). [Historical - not extant]

Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton – American Water Horehound

Lycopus uniflorus Michx. – Northern Bugleweed

Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U. Manns & Anderb. – Starflower [Historical - not extant]

Lysimachia ciliata L. – Fringed Loosestrife

Lysimachia nummularia L. – Moneywort (Creeping Jenny)

Lysimachia quadriflora Sims – Prairie Loosestrife [Historical - not extant]

Lysimachia quadrifolia L. – Whorled Loosestrife

Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P. – Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife)

Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. – Tufted Loosestrife (Swamp Loosestrife)

Lysimachia vulgaris L. – Garden Loosestrife

Lythrum salicaria L. – Purple Loosestrife

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Maianthemum canadense Desf. – Canadian Mayflower (False Lily-of-the-Valley) [Historical Garden Plant - not extant]

Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link – False Solomon's seal (Feathery False Lily of the Valley)

Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link – Starry False Solomon's Seal

Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V.Morton – Ostrich Fern

Medicago lupulina L. – Black Medick

Medicago sativa L. - Alfalfa [Historical - not extant]

Melilotus alba Medikus – White Sweet Clover

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. – Yellow Sweet Clover

Menispermum canadense L. – Canada Moonseed (Common Moonseed)

Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers ex Link – Virginia Bluebells

Mentha x piperita L. (Pro sp.) [aquatica-spicata] – Peppermint

Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis – Wild Mint

Menyanthes trifoliata L. – Buckbean (Bog-bean) [Historical - not extant]

Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. – Eastern Swamp Saxifrage

Mimulus ringens L. var. ringens - Monkey Flower

Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. – Heartleaf Four O'clock (Wild Four O'clock)

Mitchella repens L. – Partridge Berry

Mitella diphylla L. – Twoleaf Miterwort (Bishop's Cap)

Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl – Blunt-leaved Sandwort

Monarda fistulosa L. – Wild Bergamot

Monarda media Willd. – Purple Bergamot

Monarda punctata L. – Spotted Bee-balm (Horsemint). [Historical Garden Plant - not extant]

Monotropa uniflora L. – Indian Pipe [Historical Garden Plant - not extant.]

Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. – Mexican Muhly (Satin Gras)

Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Marsh Grass (Green Muhly)

Myosotis scorpioides L. – True Forget-me-not

Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. – Sweet cicely [Not in the Garden]

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Napaea dioica L. – Glade Mallow

Nepeta cataria L. – Catnip - [Historical, not extant]

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Oenothera biennis L. – Common Evening Primrose

Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch - see Gaura biennis L. – Biennial Gaura

Oenothera pilosella Raf. – Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose)

Oligoneuron riddellii - see Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell – Riddell's Goldenrod

Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum -see Solidago rigida L. – Stiff Goldenrod

Onoclea sensibilis L. – Sensitive Fern

Onoclea struthiopteris - see Matteuccia struthiopteris - Ostrich Fern

Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B.Clarke – Bland Sweet Cicely

Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. – Aniseroot (Smooth Sweet Cicely)

Osmunda cinnamomea L. – Cinnamon Fern

Osmunda claytoniana L. – Interrupted Fern

Osmunda regalis (L.) var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray – Royal Fern [Historical - not extant]

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl - see Osmunda cinnamomea – Cinnamon Fern

Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) k Koch – Hophornbeam (Ironwood)

Oxalis stricta L. – Common Yellow Oxalis (Yellow Woodsorrel)

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Packera aurea (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve – Golden Ragwort

Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A.Weber & A.Löve – Prairie Ragwort

Panicum virgatum L. – Switch Grass

Parnassia glauca Raf. – Fen Grass of Parnassas

Parthenium integrifolium L. – Wild Quinine (American Feverfew)

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. – Virginia Creeper

Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. – Grape Woodbine

Paspalum setaceum Michx. – Paspalum (Hairy Bead Grass)

Pastinaca sativa L. - Wild Parsnip - [Historical - not extant.]

Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes – Silvery Scurf Pea

Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims – Foxglove Beardtongue (Talus Slope Penstemon)

Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. – Showy Beardtongue (Large Beardtongue)

Penstemon pallidus Small – Pale Beardtongue - [Not in the Garden]

Penthorum sedoides L. – Ditch Stonecrop [Historical - not extant]

Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray- Water Smartweed - [Historical - not extant ]

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray - Pale Smartweed. [Historical - not extant]

Persicaria maculosa Gray – Spotted Lady's-thumb - [Historical - not extant]

Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small – Dotted Smartweed

Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross – Arrow-leaved Tearthumb

Petalostemon candidum- see Dalea candida – White Prairie Clover

Petalostemon purpureum - see Dalea purpurea – Purple Prairie Clover

Phalaris arundinacea L. – Reed Canary Grass

Philadelphus sp. – Mock Orange

Phleum pratense L. – Timothy

Phlox divaricata L. – Wild Blue Phlox

Phlox maculata L. – Wild Sweet William -[Historical, not extant]

Phlox paniculata L. – Garden Phlox

Phlox pilosa L. – Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox)

Photinia melanocarpa - see Aronia melanocarpa Michx. – Black Chokeberry

Photinia pyrifolia Lam.- see Aronia arbutifolia – Red Chokeberry

Phryma leptostachya L. – Lopseed (American Lopseed)

Physalis heterophylla Nees – Clammy Ground Cherry

Physalis longifolia Nutt. - – Long-leaf Ground Cherry [Not in the Garden]

Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. – Ninebark (Common Ninebark)

Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. – Obedient Plant (False Dragonhead)

Picea abies (L.) Karst. – Norway Spruce

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss – White Spruce

Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. – Black Spruce

Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray – Canadian Clearweed

Pinus banksiana Lamb. – Jack Pine [Historical, not extant]

Pinus resinosa Aiton. – Red Pine (Norway Pine)

Pinus strobus L. – Eastern White Pine

Pinus sylvestris L. - Scot's Pine

Plantago major L. – Common Plantain

Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak – Northern Green Orchid ([Historical, not extant]

Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. – Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid [Historical, not extant]

Poa compressa L. – Canada Bluegrass

Poa pratensis L. – Kentucky Bluegrass

Podophyllum peltatum L. – Mayapple

Polemonium occidentale Green ssp lacustre Wherry – Western Jacob's Ladder [not in the Garden].

Polemonium reptans L. – Spreading Jacob's-ladder (Greek Valerian)

Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot – Great Solomon's Seal (Smooth Solomon's Seal)

Polygonum amphibium L. - see Persicaria amphibia – Water Smartweed

Polygonum cilinode Michx. – see Fallopia cilinodis - Fringed Black Bindweed

Polygonum convolvulus see - Fallopia convolvulus – Black Bindweed

Polygonum cuspidatum - see Fallopia japonica – Japanese Knotweed

Polygonum persicaria see - Persicaria maculosa – Spotted Lady's-thumb

Polygonum punctatum see - Persicaria punctata – Dotted Smartweed

Polygonum sagittatum see- Persicaria sagittata – Arrow-leaved Tearthumb

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott – Christmas Fern

Populus alba L. - White Poplar [Not in the Garden]

Populus balsamifera L. subsp. balsamifera – Balm of Gilead (Balsam Poplar)

Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall, subsp. monilifera – Plains Cottonwood

Populus grandidentata Michx. – Bigtooth Aspen

Populus tremuloides Michx. – Quaking Aspen

Potentilla argentea L. – Silver Cinquefoil

Potentilla arguta - see Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rybg. – Prairie Cinquefoil - [Historical, not extant]

Potentilla norvegica L. - [Historical, not extant] – Rough Cinquefoil

Potentilla recta L. – Rough Fruited Cinquefoil

Potentilla simplex Michx. – Common Cinquefoil

Prenanthes alba L. – White Rattlesnake Root

Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. lanceolata. – Heal-all (Self Heal)

Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris – Lawn Prunella [Not in the Garden]

Prunus americana Marsh. – Wild Plum (American Plum)

Prunus pensylvanica L.f. – Pin Cherry

Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi (L.H. Bailey) Gleason – Western Sand Cherry - [Historical, not extant]

Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina – Black Cherry - tree

Prunus virginiana L. var. virginiana – Chokecherry

Ptelea trifoliata L. – Hoptree

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum – Bracken Fern

Pulsatilla nuttalliana (DC.) Spreng. – Pasque Flower - [Historical, not extant]

Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D.Jackson ex B.L. Robins & Fernald. – Virginia Mountain Mint

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Quercus alba L. – White Oak

Quercus bicolor Willd. – Swamp White Oak

Quercus coccinea Münchh. – Scarlet Oak

Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill – Northern Pin Oak

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. – Bur Oak

Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. – Chinkapin Oak [Historical - not extant]

Quercus palustris Münchh. – Pin Oak [Historical - not extant]

Quercus rubra L. – Northern Red Oak

Quercus velutina Lam. – Black Oak

Oak Leaf Comparison Sheet

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Ranunculus abortivus L. – Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup)

Ranunculus acris L. – Tall Buttercup

Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus – Swamp Buttercup (Hispid Buttercup, Rough Buttercup)

Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f. – Bristly Buttercup (Bristly Crowfoot, Pennsylvania Buttercup) - [Not in the Garden]

Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. – Hooked Crowfoot (Blisterwort)

Ranunculus sceleratus L. – Cursed Crowfoot - [Not in the Garden]

Ranunculus septentrionalis - see R. hispidus

Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. – Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower)

Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart – Gray-headed Coneflower

Rhamnus cathartica L. – Common Buckthorn

Rhamnus frangula L. (Frangula alnus Mill.) – Glossy Buckthorn

Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr. – Flame Azalea

Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd – Labrador Tea [Historic - not extant]

Rhus aromatica Aiton – Fragrant Sumac

Rhus glabra L. – Smooth Sumac

Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth [Rhus typhina L. ] – Staghorn Sumac

Ribes americanum Mill. – American Black Currant (Wild Black Currant)

Ribes cynosbati L. – Eastern Prickly Gooseberry

Ribes missouriense Nutt. – Missouri Gooseberry

Ribes rubrum L. – Garden Currant

Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Black Locust

Rosa acicularlis Lindl. – Prickly Rose

Rosa arkansana Porter – Prairie Rose (Arkansas Rose)

Rosa blanda Aiton – Smooth Rose

Rosa carolina L. – Carolina Rose (Pasture Rose)

Rosa palustris Marshall – Swamp Rose [not in Garden]

Rosa setigera Michx. – Climbing Rose (Illinois Rose)

Rosa woodsii Lindl. – Woods' Rose

Rubus allegheniensis Porter – Allegheny Blackberry

Rubus flagellaris Willd. – Dewberry (Northern Dewberry)

Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Focke – Wild Red Raspberry

Rubus occidentalis L. – Black Raspberry

Rubus odoratus L. – Purple Flowering Raspberry - [Historical, not extant]

Rubus parviflorus Nutt. – Thimbleberry (Flowering Raspberry)

Rubus pubescens Raf. – Dwarf Red Blackberry

Rubus setosus Big. (Rubus semisetosus Blanch.) – Bristly or Swamp Blackberry

Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton – Orange Coneflower - [Not in the Garden]

Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan

Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Green-headed Coneflower

Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh – Sweet Black-eyed Susan - [Historical - not extant]

Rudbeckia triloba L. – Thin-leaved Coneflower (Brown-eyed Susan)

Ruellia humilis Nutt. – Fringeleaf Wild Petunia

Rumex crispus L. – Curly Dock

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Sagittaria latifolia Willd. – Broadleaf Arrowhead

Salix discolor Muhl. – Pussy Willow

Salix nigra Marshall – Black Willow - [Historical, not extant]

Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli – Canada Elderberry (American Black Elderberry)

Sambucus racemosa L. – Red Elderberry ( Red-berried Elder)

Sanguinaria canadensis L. – Bloodroot

Saponaria officinalis L. – Bouncing Bet (Soapwort)

Sarracenia purpurea L. – Purple Pitcher Plant [Historical - not extant]

Saxifraga pensylvanica L. see -Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. – Eastern Swamp Saxifrage

Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium – Little Bluestem

Scilla siberica Haw. – Blue Squill (Siberian Squill)

Scirpus atrovirens Willd. – Dark Green Bulrush

Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. – Lanceleaf Figwort

Sedum telephium - see Hylotelephium telephium L. – Live Forever

Senecio aureus see Packera aurea L. – Golden Ragwort

Senna hebecarpa (Fernald) Irwin & Barneby – Wild Senna

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. pumila – Yellow Foxtail

Shepherdia Argentea (Pursh) Nutt. – Silver Buffaloberry - [Historical, not extant]

Sicyos angulatus L. – Bur Cucumber [Not in the Garden]

Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L.Krause – Maltese Cross (Scarlet Lychnis) [Historical, not extant]

Silene latifolia Poir. – White Campion - [Historical, not extant]

Silene noctiflora L. – Night-flowering Catchfly - [Historical, not extant]

Silene regia Sims – Royal Catchfly

Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton – Starry Campion (Widow's Frill)

Silphium integrifolium Michx. – Wholeleaf Rosinweed (Rosin-weed)

Silphium laciniatum L. – Compass Plant

Silphium perfoliatum L. – Cup Plant

Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed)

Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. – Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass

Smilacina racemosa see Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. racemosum – False Solomon's-seal

Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson – Upright Carrion Flower (Erect Carrion Flower)

Smilax lasioneura L. – Common Carrion Flower (BlueRidge Carrion Flower)

Solanum dulcamara L. – Climbing Nightshade (Bittersweet Nightshade)

Solanum nigrum -see - Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal. – Black Nightshade

Solanum ptycanthemum Dunal. - West Indian Black Nightshade

Solidago altissima L. – Late (Tall) Goldenrod

Solidago canadensis (L.) var. scabra Torr. & Gray - see Solidago altissima – Canada Goldenrod

Solidago flexicaulis L. – Zigzag Goldenrod

Solidago gigantea Aiton – Giant Goldenrod

Solidago graminifolia L. see Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. graminifolia – Grass-leaved Goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis Aiton. – Gray Goldenrod (Old Field Goldenrod)

Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell – Riddell's Goldenrod

Solidago rigida L. [Oligoneuron rigidum L.] – Stiff Goldenrod

Solidago speciosa Nutt. – Showy Goldenrod

Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. – Elm-leaved Goldenrod

Sonchus arvensis L. – Field Sow Thistle - [Historical, not extant]

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill – Spiny Sow Thistle [Historical, not extant]

Sorbus americana Marshall – American Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia L. – European Mountain Ash - [Not in Garden]

Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid. – Showy Mountain Ash

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash – Indiangrass

Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. – Broadleaf Burweed

Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link. – Prairie Cordgrass

Spiraea alba DuRoi. – Meadowsweet (Narrowleaf Meadowsweet)

Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray – Prairie Dropseed

Stachys palustris L. – Marsh Hedgenettle - [Historical, not extant]

Staphylea trifolia L. – American Bladdernut

Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. – Long-leaved Chickweed (Long-leaved Stichwort)

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - Common Chickweed - [Historical - not extant]

Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott – Amberique Bean (Trailing Wild Bean)

Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. – Wood Poppy

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake – Snowberry

Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. – Wolfberry

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench – Coralberry

Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom – Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster)

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom – White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster)

Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve – Smooth Blue Aster

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom – White Panicle Aster

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love – Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster)

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom – New England Aster

Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom – Aromatic Aster - [Historical, not extant]

Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom – Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster)

Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom – Ontario Aster

Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum – Red-stemmed Aster & Purplestem Aster

Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom – Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster)

Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom. – Short's Aster

Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom – White Arrowleaf Aster

Symphytum officinale L. – Comfrey [Historical - not extant]

Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton – Skunk Cabbage

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Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. – Feverfew - [Not in the Garden]

Tanacetum vulgare L. - not extant – Tansy

Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. – Dandelion

Taxus canadensis Marshall – American Yew

Teucrium canadense L. – Canada Germander (American Germander, Wood Sage)

Thalictrum dioicum L. – Early Meadow Rue

Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall. – Tall Meadow Rue (Purple Meadow Rue)

Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & B. Boivin – Rue Anemone

Thalictrum venulosum Trel. - Veiny Meadow Rue

Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald - Marsh Fern [Historical - not extant]

Thlaspi arvense L. – Field Pennycress - [Not in the Garden]

Thuja occidentalis L. – Northern White Cedar

Tiarella cordifolia L. – Foamflower (Heartleaf Foamflower)

Tilia americana L. – American Basswood

Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. – Japanese Hedge Parsley - [Not in the Garden]

Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene – Western Poison Ivy

Tradescantia bracteata Small – Spiderwort (Bracted Spiderwort)

Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. – Bluejacket (Ohio Spiderwort)

Tragopogon dubius Scop. – Yellow Salsify

Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy] – Meadow Goatsbeard (Yellow Goatsbeard)

Trifolium pratense L. – Red Clover

Trifolium repens L. – White Clover

Triglochin palustris L. – Marsh Arrowgrass

Trillium cernuum L. – Nodding Trillium

Trillium cuneatum Raf. – Sweet Betsy

Trillium erectum L. – Purple Trillium

Trillium flexipes Raf. – Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin, Declining Trillium)

Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb. – Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium)

Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison – Yellow Trillium (Yellow Wakerobin)

Trillium nivale Riddell – Snow Trillium

Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck – Prairie Trillium

Trillium sessile L. – Toadshade (Sessile Trillium)

Triosteum perfoliatum L. – Horse Gentian (Late Horse Gentian)

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière – Eastern Hemlock

Typha angustifolia L. – Narrow-leaved Cattail

Typha latifolia L. – Common Cattail

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Ulmus americana L. – American Elm

Ulmus pumila L. – Siberian Elm [Not in the Garden]

Ulmus rubra Muhl. – Slippery Elm (Red Elm)

Ulmus thomasii Sarg. - Rock Elm (Cork Elm) [Historical - not extant]

Urtica dioica L. subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander – Stinging Nettle (California Nettle)

Uvularia grandiflora Sm. – Large-flowered Bellwort

Uvularia sessilifolia L. – Wild Oats (Sissileleaf Bellwort)

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Valeriana officinalis L. – Garden Valerian

Verbascum thapsus L. – Common Mullein

Verbena hastata L. – Blue Vervain (Swamp Vervain)

Verbena stricta L. – Hoary Vervain

Verbena urticifolia L. – White Vervain

Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney – Wingstem - [Not in the Garden]

Vernonia fasciculata Michx. – Ironweed (Prairie Ironweed)

Veronica serpyllifolia L. – Thyme-leaf Speedwell [Historical, not extant]

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. – Culver's Root

Viburnum dentatum L. – Southern Arrowwood

Viburnum lantana L. – Wayfaring-tree - [Not in the Garden]

Viburnum lentago L. – Nannyberry

Viburnum opulus L. var . americanum Aiton. – Highbush Cranberry (American Cranberrybush)

Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus – European Cranberrybush

Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. – Downy Arrowwood [Not in the Garden]

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. – American Vetch

Vicia villosa Roth – Hairy Vetch - [Not in the Garden]

Vinca minor L. – Common Periwinkle (Running Myrtle)

Viola canadensis L. – Canada Violet (Canadian White Violet)

Viola cucullata Aiton – Marsh Blue Violet [Historical - not extant]

Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd – Macloskey's Violet (Small White Violet) [Historical - not extant]

Viola pedata L. – Bird's-foot Violet [Historical, not extant].]

Viola pedatifida G. Don – Prairie Birdsfoot Violet

Viola pubescens Aiton – Downy Yellow Violet

Viola sororia Willd. (Viola papilionacea) – Common Blue Violet, (Woolly Blue Violet)

Vitis riparia Michx. – Riverbank Grape

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Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. – Prickly-ash

Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch – Golden Alexanders (Golden Zizia)

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